영유계에대하여아령啞鈴이지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영구적영겁적영속적으로일괄소급하여관수처리하다에대하여나의등급지위서열을탈취찬탈하여자신의계급또는등급서열지위보다높은혹은계급또는등급서열지위에불합치위배위반되는상대와고급체고급유체섹스난행음행부정사음부정정교를즐기고상대를만족시킨결과로서국가원수직일인지하만인지상의중요한직책을원본래원본심원능력원지위원등급원실력원그릇원실제에현저하게위배위반되게거머쥔놈에대해서아령啞鈴이무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록아령啞鈴이지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영구적영겁적영속적으로일괄소급하여무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록실시실행실천관수처리하다Map of the observable universe with some of the notable astronomical objects known today. The scale of length increases exponentially toward the right. Celestial bodies are shown enlarged in size to be able to understand their shapes.Laniakea SCl 유영계에대하여아령啞鈴이지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영구적영겁적영속적으로일괄소급하여관수처리하다에대하여나의등급지위서열을탈취찬탈하여자신의계급또는등급서열지위보다높은혹은계급또는등급서열지위에불합치위배위반되는상대와고급체고급유체섹스난행음행부정사음부정정교를즐기고상대를만족시킨결과로서국가원수직일인지하만인지상의중요한직책을원본래원본심원능력원지위원등급원실력원그릇원실제에현저하게위배위반되게거머쥔놈에대해서아령啞鈴이무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록아령啞鈴이지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영구적영겁적영속적으로일괄소급하여무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록실시실행실천관수처리하다Map of the observable universe with some of the notable astronomical objects known today. The scale of length increases exponentially toward the right. Celestial bodies are shown enlarged in size to be able to understand their shapes.Laniakea SCl MIMAS PTHA OJAWA ARUS등 플레이아데스4대무법자들과 아플레이아데스수장들이나 아플레이아데스인들이 여러가지 이유로 하여 지구로 귀양온 박종권이를 가해하라고 아틀란티스12주신들이나 지구인들 대영제국지도부에 요구하지만, 이 사람들 의견으로는 아무리 자기들이 해코지를 하라고 하기는 했지만, 최소한 군수급mayorsubprefect급정도는 처우해주는것이 자기들 생각인데 이 사람들이 너무 심하다라고 말하다. 이에 대해서 지구인들 특히 대영제국지도부, 구일본제국지도부, 일본지도부, 중국지도부, 선비족수장계, 오부흉노수장계, 수당황제들이 가혹한 해코지를 자행한 것으로 유추판단되다. 군수급처우면 그런대로 맘에 드는 여자얻고 결혼하고 그런대로 그럭저럭 살았을거다. 여기에 대해서 책임을 져야 할 자들에 대하여아령啞鈴이지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영구적영겁적영속적으로일괄소급하여관수처리하다에대하여나의등급지위서열을탈취찬탈하여자신의계급또는등급서열지위보다높은혹은계급또는등급서열지위에불합치위배위반되는상대와고급체고급유체섹스난행음행부정사음부정정교를즐기고상대를만족시킨결과로서국가원수직일인지하만인지상의중요한직책을원본래원본심원능력원지위원등급원실력원그릇원실제에현저하게위배위반되게거머쥔놈에대해서아령啞鈴이무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록아령啞鈴이지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영구적영겁적영속적으로일괄소급하여무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록실시실행실천관수처리하다Map of the observable universe with some of the notable astronomical objects known today. The scale of length increases exponentially toward the right. Celestial bodies are shown enlarged in size to be able to understand their shapes.Laniakea SCl 마거릿힐다대처(?명확하지는 않다. 다만, 부산가서 목격한 분위기느낌을 보면 분명히 이 여자가 맞기는 맞다.폭넓은 레이스치마입고 헐렁헐렁하게 와일드하게 가는데 이게 서양여자들에게서 종종 보이는 폼이다)는, 한국인으로도 변신해서 오는데, 내가 결혼하기 이전이다. 이 당시 집을 떠나서 잠시 자취를 하는데, 주인집에 살던 여자가 좀 이상하다. 그리고 처음 이사하여 방안에 있는데, 갑자기 웬 남자가 나타나면서 실실 쪼개며 웃는다. 지금와서 보니 이게 이건희다. 이 집은, 마거릿힐다대처가 이건희와 부정사음부정정교성교를 했던 집이 분명하다. 쌍문동전철역 부근인데, 분명히 지리적위치는 한국인데도 이게 지구에테르물질계나 지옥유계 혹은 준유계, 반유계, 영유계, 유영계등에 집을 짓고 겹쳐놓는 수법이다. 즉, 영국이었다는 얘기다. 여기서 마거릿힐다대처는 이건희와 부정정교부정사음성교하여 애를 둘이나 낳는데, 이 집 여자도 애가 둘이었다. 둘다 여자애들이다 이 여자는, 그 모습과 형상이 어딘지 모르게 서양여자와 유사해보인다. 어쨌든 말하기는 좀 그렇지만, 이 여자와 관계를 가지는데, 음문, 음부가 서양여자음문,서양여자음부와 매우 유사하다는 느낌이다. 좀 이상하다는 느낌이 그 당시 들었는데, 이제와서 보니, 서양여자가 겹쳐 있음이 매우 분명하다 이 여자는 남편이 있는데, 모습,형상을 보건대는, 마왕이거나 이건희 중국유사마왕놈이 위위형해서 들어온 놈이 매우 분명하다. 말하자면, 오늘 내가 마거릿힐다대처가 서기1855년경에 이건희와 성교해서 애까지 낳았다는 장소를 그림주문으로 치는데, 이건희가 잽싸게 달아나는 모습이 보인다. 가만 보니까 데리고 실컷 즐기고 놀았는데, 이제 슬슬 싫증이 난다. 그래서 이 새끼가 내게 떠넘기고 달아나는 수작질로 보인다. 10년을 살았다는데, 이 주인집딸 여자도 보니까 한 10년이상 결혼생활한 여자다. 여자 애 둘이 있는데, 한 5~6세 된 듯 싶다 이 여자 성품은 아주 이상해서 가만 보면 서양여자 성품이다. 몇번 관계하다가 도저히 못하겠어서 그만 그 집에서 나온다. 이 여자와 관계중에 천둥벼락이 치고, 난리가 난다. 내 앞에 나타나서 실실 쪼개던 남자놈은 아마도 이 여자와 그 이전부터 즐기던 놈 같다. 자기가 다 안다는 식으로 실실 쪼개면서 보다가 가는데, 요 새끼가 이건희가 분명하다. 그러다가 이건희프로젝트 시기에 돈 10억원 준다고 하길래 나갔는데, 서기2008년 4월에 이건희 욕을 했다는 매우 불분명한 이유로 붙잡혀 들어온다. 이후 이 감금구속영역에서 이 여자를 또 보는데, 지하철역 상점에서 옷을 팔고 있다. 이 여자는 두 딸애를 원수보듯 노려보는데, 가만보니, 나하고 같이 도망가서 살자는 메시지가 종종 온다. 나중에는 겁이 나서 도망치듯 나왔는데, 두 딸애가 몹시 안 되어 보였다. 이 당시는 이상한데, 결혼후 애들과 함께 쌍문동 근처를 오니 E-MART가 생겨난다. 이 시기는, E-MART가 시작되던 초기라 가보면 물건이고 뭐고 그냥 중국산 싸구려일색이다. 그저 그렇군하고 나오는데, 수년뒤 보니 아주 근사하게 세련되게 변화한다. 지금은 다이소가 잘 하는데, 같은 물건이라도 위포장, 위치장을 어떻게 하느냐에 달려 있는 듯 싶다. 쌍문동자취방에대하여아령啞鈴이지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영구적영겁적영속적으로일괄소급하여관수처리하다에대하여나의등급지위서열을탈취찬탈하여자신의계급또는등급서열지위보다높은혹은계급또는등급서열지위에불합치위배위반되는상대와고급체고급유체섹스난행음행부정사음부정정교를즐기고상대를만족시킨결과로서국가원수직일인지하만인지상의중요한직책을원본래원본심원능력원지위원등급원실력원그릇원실제에현저하게위배위반되게거머쥔놈에대해서아령啞鈴이무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록아령啞鈴이지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영구적영겁적영속적으로일괄소급하여무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록실시실행실천관수처리하다Map of the observable universe with some of the notable astronomical objects known today. The scale of length increases exponentially toward the right. Celestial bodies are shown enlarged in size to be able to understand their shapes.Laniakea SCl 비밀준수 누설 금지 비밀을 지킨다는 것은, 일정수준의 지위, 서열, 등급이 실제적현실로서 담보가 될 때에 가능하다 비밀이라는 것은, 일정등급, 일정지위, 일정서열이상에서 발생되는 특이점이다. 그 이하에서는 비밀이란 없다 만일 내가 일정서열, 일정등급, 일정지위이상에 있다면, 그러한 형세가 나로 하여금 비밀을 지키게 할 것이다. 하지만 그와 같은 형세가 아니라면, 비밀은 유지되기 어렵고, 사실상 그러한 형세이하일 경우에는 비밀이라는 것이 있을수가 없다. 물론 사생활문제, 사적인 문제의 비밀들이 있는데, 그래봐야 섹스, 성교정도일 것이고 나머지는 업무상, 공무상, 회사나 조직에서 맡고 있는 일들과 연관된 것들인데, 그것도 웬만한 높은 지위 혹은 중요직책에서나 있지 사실상 없다 사람들이 시시콜콜 사적인 문제, 사생활문제 등의 비밀들에 대해서 간혹 말하고는 하지만, 실제로는 다 아는 문제고 비밀이랄 것도 없는데, 다만 인격존중 인품존중차원에서 그렇게 다뤄주는 것 뿐이고, 실제는 다 아는 문제로서 비밀이란 없다 다만, 국가원수, 국무총리, 장관 및 기타 일정등급이나 수준이상의 공직에서는 비밀이 있을수 있다. 그리고 기업체도 중요 개발자료, 경영자료 같은 건데 그건 사장급이나 되야 되고, 잘해야 이사급이다 국방관련비밀이 클수 있는데, 그것도 특정 군인들 고위장군들이나 그렇고 뭐 그렇다 비밀 운운하는 영국고위층이 안스럽게 보인다. 당신들이 내가 가진 어떤 점을 죽여버리고 기를 꺽기 위해서 의도적으로 하급지구인, 하전민, 하층민으로 만들고 우습게 대한다는 것을 안다. 비밀을 지킨다는것은 명예심, 존중심, 자부심, 자긍심에서 나온다. 열받게 하지 마라 AD1855년마거릿힐더대처와이건희의최초성교부정사음행위언행현장시기장소시공간차원영역시간대에대하여아령啞鈴이지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영구적영겁적영속적으로일괄소급하여관수처리하다에대하여나의등급지위서열을탈취찬탈하여자신의계급또는등급서열지위보다높은혹은계급또는등급서열지위에불합치위배위반되는상대와고급체고급유체섹스난행음행부정사음부정정교를즐기고상대를만족시킨결과로서국가원수직일인지하만인지상의중요한직책을원본래원본심원능력원지위원등급원실력원그릇원실제에현저하게위배위반되게거머쥔놈에대해서아령啞鈴이무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록아령啞鈴이지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영구적영겁적영속적으로일괄소급하여무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록실시실행실천관수처리하다Map of the observable universe with some of the notable astronomical objects known today. The scale of length increases exponentially toward the right. Celestial bodies are shown enlarged in size to be able to understand their shapes.Laniakea SCl 현재유체에대하여아령啞鈴이지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영구적영겁적영속적으로일괄소급하여관수처리하다에대하여나의등급지위서열을탈취찬탈하여자신의계급또는등급서열지위보다높은혹은계급또는등급서열지위에불합치위배위반되는상대와고급체고급유체섹스난행음행부정사음부정정교를즐기고상대를만족시킨결과로서국가원수직일인지하만인지상의중요한직책을원본래원본심원능력원지위원등급원실력원그릇원실제에현저하게위배위반되게거머쥔놈에대해서아령啞鈴이무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록아령啞鈴이지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영구적영겁적영속적으로일괄소급하여무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록실시실행실천관수처리하다Map of the observable universe with some of the notable astronomical objects known today. The scale of length increases exponentially toward the right. Celestial bodies are shown enlarged in size to be able to understand their shapes.Laniakea SCl 과거유체에대하여아령啞鈴이지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영구적영겁적영속적으로일괄소급하여관수처리하다에대하여나의등급지위서열을탈취찬탈하여자신의계급또는등급서열지위보다높은혹은계급또는등급서열지위에불합치위배위반되는상대와고급체고급유체섹스난행음행부정사음부정정교를즐기고상대를만족시킨결과로서국가원수직일인지하만인지상의중요한직책을원본래원본심원능력원지위원등급원실력원그릇원실제에현저하게위배위반되게거머쥔놈에대해서아령啞鈴이무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록아령啞鈴이지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영구적영겁적영속적으로일괄소급하여무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록실시실행실천관수처리하다Map of the observable universe with some of the notable astronomical objects known today. The scale of length increases exponentially toward the right. Celestial bodies are shown enlarged in size to be able to understand their shapes.Laniakea SCl 과금유체에대하여아령啞鈴이지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영구적영겁적영속적으로일괄소급하여관수처리하다에대하여나의등급지위서열을탈취찬탈하여자신의계급또는등급서열지위보다높은혹은계급또는등급서열지위에불합치위배위반되는상대와고급체고급유체섹스난행음행부정사음부정정교를즐기고상대를만족시킨결과로서국가원수직일인지하만인지상의중요한직책을원본래원본심원능력원지위원등급원실력원그릇원실제에현저하게위배위반되게거머쥔놈에대해서아령啞鈴이무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록아령啞鈴이지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영구적영겁적영속적으로일괄소급하여무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록실시실행실천관수처리하다Map of the observable universe with some of the notable astronomical objects known today. The scale of length increases exponentially toward the right. Celestial bodies are shown enlarged in size to be able to understand their shapes.Laniakea SCl 당금유체에대하여아령啞鈴이지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영구적영겁적영속적으로일괄소급하여관수처리하다에대하여나의등급지위서열을탈취찬탈하여자신의계급또는등급서열지위보다높은혹은계급또는등급서열지위에불합치위배위반되는상대와고급체고급유체섹스난행음행부정사음부정정교를즐기고상대를만족시킨결과로서국가원수직일인지하만인지상의중요한직책을원본래원본심원능력원지위원등급원실력원그릇원실제에현저하게위배위반되게거머쥔놈에대해서아령啞鈴이무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록아령啞鈴이지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영구적영겁적영속적으로일괄소급하여무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록실시실행실천관수처리하다Map of the observable universe with some of the notable astronomical objects known today. The scale of length increases exponentially toward the right. Celestial bodies are shown enlarged in size to be able to understand their shapes.Laniakea SCl 현금유체에대하여아령啞鈴이지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영구적영겁적영속적으로일괄소급하여관수처리하다에대하여나의등급지위서열을탈취찬탈하여자신의계급또는등급서열지위보다높은혹은계급또는등급서열지위에불합치위배위반되는상대와고급체고급유체섹스난행음행부정사음부정정교를즐기고상대를만족시킨결과로서국가원수직일인지하만인지상의중요한직책을원본래원본심원능력원지위원등급원실력원그릇원실제에현저하게위배위반되게거머쥔놈에대해서아령啞鈴이무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록아령啞鈴이지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영구적영겁적영속적으로일괄소급하여무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록실시실행실천관수처리하다Map of the observable universe with some of the notable astronomical objects known today. The scale of length increases exponentially toward the right. Celestial bodies are shown enlarged in size to be able to understand their shapes.Laniakea SCl AD1855년마거릿힐더대처와이건희의최초성교부정사음행위언행현장시기장소시공간차원영역시간대에대하여아령啞鈴이지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영구적영겁적영속적으로일괄소급하여관수처리하다에대하여나의등급지위서열을탈취찬탈하여자신의계급또는등급서열지위보다높은혹은계급또는등급서열지위에불합치위배위반되는상대와고급체고급유체섹스난행음행부정사음부정정교를즐기고상대를만족시킨결과로서국가원수직일인지하만인지상의중요한직책을원본래원본심원능력원지위원등급원실력원그릇원실제에현저하게위배위반되게거머쥔놈에대해서아령啞鈴이무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록아령啞鈴이지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영구적영겁적영속적으로일괄소급하여무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록실시실행실천관수처리하다Map of the observable universe with some of the notable astronomical objects known today. The scale of length increases exponentially toward the right. Celestial bodies are shown enlarged in size to be able to understand their shapes.Laniakea SCl 그레이트브리튼 및 북아일랜드 연합왕국(영어: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland), 약칭 연합 왕국(영어: The United Kingdom 유나이티드 킹덤[*], The UK, U.K.), 브리튼(영어: Britain) 또는 영국(英國)의총리직에대하여제안이있었다이에대하여그러한지위직분직무를수행하기에는현저하게자질과배움이부족하여정중하게예의를갖추어고사하는것으로서처리토록지시명령처리기록되다이에대하여아령啞鈴이지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영구적영겁적영속적으로일괄소급하여관수처리하다아령啞鈴은각각의제안에대하여이건희이재용및중국황제및선비족수장훈족수장아플레이아데스아종계의무단차용무단임대무단임차무단임대차무단공유이중영체등의수법수단방법도구tool로서무단대리대행참가참여동반동거동행하여내가나의가눈치채지못하거나알더라도어떻게할수없는상태로만들고나를죽이고자기를나로알게하는등의술수를쓰거나나의실체의식체를지옥유계만든맵매트릭스사설감옥사설정신사설병원사설형무소서재과거사고현장사건현장등에결박구속하고폭력무력위력위세구타폭행뺨치는위박겁박협박침박살인살해돈줄차단생계차단섹스차단사회차단인간관계차단사랑차단연애차단정상적범주내의쾌락차단등의수법수단방법도구tool로서무력화시키고장애자준장애유발후주먹질발길질조직폭력배흉악잔인악독사악악의적의부정적대로서포비아Phobia극단적잔인한힘에대한무뢰배적공포로서제압하여죽이고Willful자행arbitrary자행꼴리는대로자행하는개인실체ousia와이를목적으로하는단체또는집단을조직하거나이에가입또는그구성원으로활동한사람에대해서무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록아령啞鈴이지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영구적영겁적영속적으로일괄소급하여무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록실시실행실천관수처리하다In this schematic diagram, time passes from left to right, with the universe represented by a disk-shaped "slice" at any given time. Time and size are not to scale. To make the early stages visible, the time to the afterglow stage (really the first 0.003%) is stretched and the subsequent expansion (really by 1,100 times to the present) is largely suppressedMap of the observable universe with some of the notable astronomical objects known today. The scale of length increases exponentially toward the right. Celestial bodies are shown enlarged in size to be able to understand their shapes.Laniakea SCl 정플레이아데스인34등급박종권정식서명처리 정플레이아데스인34등급박종권과현재지금여기이순간지금여기까지와있는나정식서명처리 Andromedagalacticsystem연합원로원 Lyra연합원로원 Vega연합원로원 Pleiades연합원로원 과거Pleiades연합원로원 Pleiades연방원로원 제17Atlantis연합문명평의회연합원로원 말데크연합원로원 무르데크연합원로원 대영제국의기간중영국의왕이자인도제국의황제영국총리는Vega직속으로한다로서처리토록지시명령처리기록되다Map of the observable universe with some of the notable astronomical objects known today. The scale of length increases exponentially toward the right. Celestial bodies are shown enlarged in size to be able to understand their shapes. 중국공산당 중앙정치국 상무위원회상무위원직에대하여제안이있었다이에대하여그러한지위직분직무를수행하기에는현저하게자질과배움이부족하여정중하게예의를갖추어고사하는것으로서처리토록지시명령처리기록되다이에대하여아령啞鈴이지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영구적영겁적영속적으로일괄소급하여관수처리하다아령啞鈴은각각의제안에대하여이건희이재용및중국황제및선비족수장훈족수장아플레이아데스아종계의무단차용무단임대무단임차무단임대차무단공유이중영체등의수법수단방법도구tool로서무단대리대행참가참여동반동거동행하여내가나의가눈치채지못하거나알더라도어떻게할수없는상태로만들고나를죽이고자기를나로알게하는등의술수를쓰거나나의실체의식체를지옥유계만든맵매트릭스사설감옥사설정신사설병원사설형무소서재과거사고현장사건현장등에결박구속하고폭력무력위력위세구타폭행뺨치는위박겁박협박침박살인살해돈줄차단생계차단섹스차단사회차단인간관계차단사랑차단연애차단정상적범주내의쾌락차단등의수법수단방법도구tool로서무력화시키고장애자준장애유발후주먹질발길질조직폭력배흉악잔인악독사악악의적의부정적대로서포비아Phobia극단적잔인한힘에대한무뢰배적공포로서제압하여죽이고Willful자행arbitrary자행꼴리는대로자행하는개인실체ousia와이를목적으로하는단체또는집단을조직하거나이에가입또는그구성원으로활동한사람에대해서무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록아령啞鈴이지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영구적영겁적영속적으로일괄소급하여무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록실시실행실천관수처리하다Map of the observable universe with some of the notable astronomical objects known today. The scale of length increases exponentially toward the right. Celestial bodies are shown enlarged in size to be able to understand their shapes.Laniakea SCl 정플레이아데스인34등급박종권정식서명처리 정플레이아데스인34등급박종권과현재지금여기이순간지금여기까지와있는나정식서명처리 Andromedagalacticsystem연합원로원 Lyra연합원로원 Vega연합원로원 Pleiades연합원로원 과거Pleiades연합원로원 Pleiades연방원로원 제17Atlantis연합문명평의회연합원로원 말데크연합원로원 무르데크연합원로원 소련 공산당 정치국(蘇聯共産黨政治局, 러시아어: Политбюро ЦК КПСС)의 정식 명칭은 소비에트 연방 공산당 중앙위원회 정치국부브노프, 지노비예프, 카메네프, 레닌, 소콜니코프, 스탈린, 트로츠키가 중앙위원회 정치국원으로 선출된시기에블라디미르 일리치 레닌(러시아어: Влади́мир Ильи́ч Ле́нин, 본성: 울리야노프·Улья́нов,[1] 영어: Vladimir Ilyich Lenin/Ulyanov, 문화어: 울라지미르 일리이츠 레닌,[2] 1870년 4월 22일(구력 4월 10일) ~ 1924년 1월 21일)과더불어서정치국원으로서같이더불어일해보자는제안이있었다이에대하여그러한지위직분직무를수행하기에는현저하게자질과배움이부족하여정중하게예의를갖추어고사하는것으로서처리토록지시명령처리기록되다이에대하여아령啞鈴이지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영구적영겁적영속적으로일괄소급하여관수처리하다아령啞鈴은각각의제안에대하여이건희이재용및중국황제및선비족수장훈족수장아플레이아데스아종계의무단차용무단임대무단임차무단임대차무단공유이중영체등의수법수단방법도구tool로서무단대리대행참가참여동반동거동행하여내가나의가눈치채지못하거나알더라도어떻게할수없는상태로만들고나를죽이고자기를나로알게하는등의술수를쓰거나나의실체의식체를지옥유계만든맵매트릭스사설감옥사설정신사설병원사설형무소서재과거사고현장사건현장등에결박구속하고폭력무력위력위세구타폭행뺨치는위박겁박협박침박살인살해돈줄차단생계차단섹스차단사회차단인간관계차단사랑차단연애차단정상적범주내의쾌락차단등의수법수단방법도구tool로서무력화시키고장애자준장애유발후주먹질발길질조직폭력배흉악잔인악독사악악의적의부정적대로서포비아Phobia극단적잔인한힘에대한무뢰배적공포로서제압하여죽이고Willful자행arbitrary자행꼴리는대로자행하는개인실체ousia와이를목적으로하는단체또는집단을조직하거나이에가입또는그구성원으로활동한사람에대해서무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록아령啞鈴이지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영구적영겁적영속적으로일괄소급하여무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록실시실행실천관수처리하다Map of the observable universe with some of the notable astronomical objects known today. The scale of length increases exponentially toward the right. Celestial bodies are shown enlarged in size to be able to understand their shapes.Laniakea SCl 정플레이아데스인34등급박종권정식서명처리 정플레이아데스인34등급박종권과현재지금여기이순간지금여기까지와있는나정식서명처리 Andromedagalacticsystem연합원로원 Lyra연합원로원 Vega연합원로원 Pleiades연합원로원 과거Pleiades연합원로원 Pleiades연방원로원 제17Atlantis연합문명평의회연합원로원 말데크연합원로원 무르데크연합원로원 조지 W. 부시(George Walker Bush, 1946년 ~ )를대리대행해보라는Amalek으로부터의제안이있었다이에대하여그러한지위직분직무를수행하기에는현저하게자질과배움이부족하여정중하게예의를갖추어고사하는것으로서처리토록지시명령처리기록되다이에대하여아령啞鈴이지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영구적영겁적영속적으로일괄소급하여관수처리하다아령啞鈴은각각의제안에대하여이건희이재용및중국황제및선비족수장훈족수장아플레이아데스아종계의무단차용무단임대무단임차무단임대차무단공유이중영체등의수법수단방법도구tool로서무단대리대행참가참여동반동거동행하여내가나의가눈치채지못하거나알더라도어떻게할수없는상태로만들고나를죽이고자기를나로알게하는등의술수를쓰거나나의실체의식체를지옥유계만든맵매트릭스사설감옥사설정신사설병원사설형무소서재과거사고현장사건현장등에결박구속하고폭력무력위력위세구타폭행뺨치는위박겁박협박침박살인살해돈줄차단생계차단섹스차단사회차단인간관계차단사랑차단연애차단정상적범주내의쾌락차단등의수법수단방법도구tool로서무력화시키고장애자준장애유발후주먹질발길질조직폭력배흉악잔인악독사악악의적의부정적대로서포비아Phobia극단적잔인한힘에대한무뢰배적공포로서제압하여죽이고Willful자행arbitrary자행꼴리는대로자행하는개인실체ousia와이를목적으로하는단체또는집단을조직하거나이에가입또는그구성원으로활동한사람에대해서무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록아령啞鈴이지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영구적영겁적영속적으로일괄소급하여무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록실시실행실천관수처리하다Map of the observable universe with some of the notable astronomical objects known today. The scale of length increases exponentially toward the right. Celestial bodies are shown enlarged in size to be able to understand their shapes.Laniakea SCl 정플레이아데스인34등급박종권정식서명처리 정플레이아데스인34등급박종권과현재지금여기이순간지금여기까지와있는나정식서명처리 Andromedagalacticsystem연합원로원 Lyra연합원로원 Vega연합원로원 Pleiades연합원로원 과거Pleiades연합원로원 Pleiades연방원로원 제17Atlantis연합문명평의회연합원로원 말데크연합원로원 무르데크연합원로원 이에대하여아령啞鈴이지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영구적영겁적영속적으로일괄소급하여관수처리하다아령啞鈴은각각의제안에대하여이건희이재용및중국황제및선비족수장훈족수장아플레이아데스아종계의무단차용무단임대무단임차무단임대차무단공유이중영체등의수법수단방법도구tool로서무단대리대행참가참여동반동거동행하여내가나의가눈치채지못하거나알더라도어떻게할수없는상태로만들고나를죽이고자기를나로알게하는등의술수를쓰거나나의실체의식체를지옥유계만든맵매트릭스사설감옥사설정신사설병원사설형무소서재과거사고현장사건현장등에결박구속하고폭력무력위력위세구타폭행뺨치는위박겁박협박침박살인살해돈줄차단생계차단섹스차단사회차단인간관계차단사랑차단연애차단정상적범주내의쾌락차단등의수법수단방법도구tool로서무력화시키고장애자준장애유발후주먹질발길질조직폭력배흉악잔인악독사악악의적의부정적대로서포비아Phobia극단적잔인한힘에대한무뢰배적공포로서제압하여죽이고Willful자행arbitrary자행꼴리는대로자행하는개인실체ousia와이를목적으로하는단체또는집단을조직하거나이에가입또는그구성원으로활동한사람에대해서무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록아령啞鈴이지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영구적영겁적영속적으로일괄소급하여무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록실시실행실천관수처리하다Map of the observable universe with some of the notable astronomical objects known today. The scale of length increases exponentially toward the right. Celestial bodies are shown enlarged in size to be able to understand their shapes.Laniakea SCl 정플레이아데스인34등급박종권정식서명처리 정플레이아데스인34등급박종권과현재지금여기이순간지금여기까지와있는나정식서명처리 Andromedagalacticsystem연합원로원 Lyra연합원로원 Vega연합원로원 Pleiades연합원로원 과거Pleiades연합원로원 Pleiades연방원로원 제17Atlantis연합문명평의회연합원로원 말데크연합원로원 무르데크연합원로원 HerbertClarkHoover (August 10, 1874 – October 20, 1964)에대하여아령啞鈴이무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록아령啞鈴이지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영구적영겁적영속적으로일괄소급하여무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록실시실행실천관수처리하다Map of the observable universe with some of the notable astronomical objects known today. The scale of length increases exponentially toward the right. Celestial bodies are shown enlarged in size to be able to understand their shapes.Laniakea SCl BC95000000년부정사음사건에대하여아령啞鈴이무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록아령啞鈴이지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영구적영겁적영속적으로일괄소급하여무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록실시실행실천관수처리하다Map of the observable universe with some of the notable astronomical objects known today. The scale of length increases exponentially toward the right. Celestial bodies are shown enlarged in size to be able to understand their shapes.Laniakea SCl Lee Kun-heeproject10억원보상개천에서용나기프로젝트에대하여아령啞鈴이무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록아령啞鈴이지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영구적영겁적영속적으로일괄소급하여무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록실시실행실천관수처리하다Map of the observable universe with some of the notable astronomical objects known today. The scale of length increases exponentially toward the right. Celestial bodies are shown enlarged in size to be able to understand their shapes.Laniakea SCl 플레이아데스프로젝트Pleiadesproject에대하여아령啞鈴이무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록아령啞鈴이지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영구적영겁적영속적으로일괄소급하여무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록실시실행실천관수처리하다Map of the observable universe with some of the notable astronomical objects known today. The scale of length increases exponentially toward the right. Celestial bodies are shown enlarged in size to be able to understand their shapes.Laniakea SCl 그레이트브리튼 및 북아일랜드 연합왕국의 총리관저에대하여아령啞鈴이지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영구적영겁적영속적으로일괄소급하여관수처리하다에대하여아령啞鈴이무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록아령啞鈴이지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영구적영겁적영속적으로일괄소급하여무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록실시실행실천관수처리하다Map of the observable universe with some of the notable astronomical objects known today. The scale of length increases exponentially toward the right. Celestial bodies are shown enlarged in size to be able to understand their shapes.Laniakea SCl 누가봐도아닌데누가봐도부적합불합치부적절한상황조건상태와실제적현실적인식의핵심적주체적실체로서의실제적현실적삶의현장이그렇게하는것이불가능한상태로서제압구속감금통제제재되어져상처받고사망된상태에있는자에게그러한제의를할경우중대모독으로간주하고나의내가가진모든것들을마구잡이로꼴리는대로가져다가쓰고자하며그와같은일을하기에턱없이부족한자들로하여금분수에넘치는짓을자행토록허용하여이에대하여아령啞鈴이무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록아령啞鈴이지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영구적영겁적영속적으로일괄소급하여무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록실시실행실천관수처리하다Map of the observable universe with some of the notable astronomical objects known today. The scale of length increases exponentially toward the right. Celestial bodies are shown enlarged in size to be able to understand their shapes.Laniakea SCl 블레즈 파스칼 폭력이 짐승의 법칙인 것 같이 비폭력은 인간의 법칙이다. ─ 마하트마 간디 Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov[b] (22 April [O.S. 10 April] 1870 – 21 January 1924), better known as Vladimir Lenin,[c] was a Russian revolutionary, politician, and political theorist. He served as the first and founding head of government of Soviet Russia from 1917 to 1924 and of the Soviet Union from 1922 to 1924. Under his administration, Russia, and later the Soviet Union, became a one-party socialist state governed by the Communist Party. Ideologically a Marxist, his developments to the ideology are called Leninism. Born to an upper-middle-class family in Simbirsk, Lenin embraced revolutionary socialist politics following his brother's 1887 execution. Expelled from Kazan Imperial University for participating in protests against the Russian Empire's Tsarist government, he devoted the following years to a law degree. He moved to Saint Petersburg in 1893 and became a senior Marxist activist. In 1897, he was arrested for sedition and exiled to Shushenskoye in Siberia for three years, where he married Nadezhda Krupskaya. After his exile, he moved to Western Europe, where he became a prominent theorist in the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP). In 1903, he took a key role in the RSDLP ideological split, leading the Bolshevik faction against Julius Martov's Mensheviks. Following Russia's failed Revolution of 1905, he campaigned for the First World War to be transformed into a Europe-wide proletarian revolution, which, as a Marxist, he believed would cause the overthrow of capitalism and its replacement with socialism. After the 1917 February Revolution ousted the Tsar and established a Provisional Government, he returned to Russia to play a leading role in the October Revolution in which the Bolsheviks overthrew the new regime. Lenin's Bolshevik government initially shared power with the Left Socialist Revolutionaries, elected soviets, and a multi-party Constituent Assembly, although by 1918 it had centralised power in the new Communist Party. Lenin's administration redistributed land among the peasantry and nationalised banks and large-scale industry. It withdrew from the First World War by signing a treaty conceding territory to the Central Powers, and promoted world revolution through the Communist International. Opponents were suppressed in the Red Terror, a violent campaign administered by the state security services; tens of thousands were killed or interned in concentration camps. His administration defeated right and left-wing anti-Bolshevik armies in the Russian Civil War from 1917 to 1922 and oversaw the Polish–Soviet War of 1919–1921. Responding to wartime devastation, famine, and popular uprisings, in 1921 Lenin encouraged economic growth through the New Economic Policy. Several non-Russian nations had secured independence from the Russian Republic after 1917, but five were forcibly re-united into the new Soviet Union in 1922, while others repelled Soviet invasions. His health failing, Lenin died in Gorki, with Joseph Stalin succeeding him as the pre-eminent figure in the Soviet government. Widely considered one of the most significant and influential figures of the 20th century, Lenin was the posthumous subject of a pervasive personality cult within the Soviet Union until its dissolution in 1991. He became an ideological figurehead behind Marxism–Leninism and a prominent influence over the international communist movement. A controversial and highly divisive historical figure, Lenin is viewed by his supporters as a champion of socialism and the working class. Meanwhile, Lenin's critics accuse him of establishing a totalitarian dictatorship which oversaw mass killings and political repression. The Politburo Standing Committee (PSC), officially the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, is a committee consisting of the top leadership of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). Historically it has been composed of five to eleven members, and currently has seven members. Its officially mandated purpose is to conduct policy discussions and make decisions on major issues when the Politburo, a larger decision-making body, is not in session. According to the party's constitution, the General Secretary of the Central Committee must also be a member of the Politburo Standing Committee.[3] According to the party's Constitution, the party's Central Committee elects the Politburo Standing Committee. In practice, however, this is only a formality. The method by which membership is determined has evolved over time. During the Mao Zedong era, Mao himself selected and expelled members, while during the Deng Xiaoping era consultations among party elders on the Central Advisory Commission determined membership. Since the 1990s, Politburo membership has been determined through deliberations and straw polls by incumbent and retired members of both the Politburo and the Standing Committee.[4][5] The PSC is theoretically responsible to the Politburo, which is in turn responsible to the larger Central Committee. In practice, the Standing Committee is supreme over its parent bodies. Additionally, because China is a one-party state, Standing Committee decisions de facto have the force of law. Its membership is closely watched by both the national media as well as political watchers abroad. Historically, the role of the PSC has varied and evolved. During the Cultural Revolution, for example, the PSC had little power. The membership of the PSC is strictly ranked in protocol sequence. Historically, the General Secretary (or Party Chairman) has been ranked first; the rankings of other leaders have varied over time. Since the 1990s, the General Secretary, President, Premier, first-ranked Vice Premier, Chairman of the National People's Congress, the Chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, the Secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, the party's top anti-graft body, and the first-ranked Secretary of the Secretariat have consistently also been members of the Politburo Standing Committee.[6] The portfolios of additional members varied. Illustration from Phillip Medhurst Collection depicting Joshua fighting Amalek (Exodus 17). Amalek (/ˈæməlɛk/;[1] Hebrew: עֲמָלֵק, 'Ămālēq, Arabic: عماليق 'Amālīq) was a nation described in the Hebrew Bible as a staunch enemy of the Israelites. The name "Amalek" can refer to the nation's founder, a grandson of Esau; his descendants, the Amalekites; or the territories of Amalek, which they inhabited. The prime minister of the United Kingdom is the head of government of the United Kingdom. The prime minister advises the sovereign on the exercise of much of the royal prerogative, chairs the Cabinet and selects its ministers. As modern prime ministers hold office by virtue of their ability to command the confidence of the House of Commons, they sit as members of Parliament. The office of prime minister is not established by any statute or constitutional document, but exists only by long-established convention, whereby the reigning monarch appoints as prime minister the person most likely to command the confidence of the House of Commons;[3] this individual is typically the leader of the political party or coalition of parties that holds the largest number of seats in that chamber. The prime minister is ex officio also First Lord of the Treasury, Minister for the Civil Service and the minister responsible for national security.[4]: p.22  Indeed, certain privileges, such as residency of 10 Downing Street, are accorded to prime ministers by virtue of their position as First Lord of the Treasury. In 2019, the office of Minister for the Union was established; Boris Johnson became the first prime minister to hold this title.[5] Rishi Sunak has been the incumbent prime minister since 25 October 2022.[6] The Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (Russian: Полити́ческое бюро́ Центра́льного комите́та Коммунисти́ческой па́ртии Сове́тского Сою́за, abbreviated: Политбюро ЦК КПСС, Politbyuro TsK KPSS), or Politburo (Russian: Политбюро, IPA: [pəlʲɪtbʲʊˈro]) was the highest policy-making authority within the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. The British Empire was composed of the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates, and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor states. It began with the overseas possessions and trading posts established by England between the late 16th and early 18th centuries. At its height it was the largest empire in history and, for over a century, was the foremost global power.[1] By 1913, the British Empire held sway over 412 million people, 23 per cent of the world population at the time,[2] and by 1920, it covered 35.5 million km2 (13.7 million sq mi),[3] 24 per cent of the Earth's total land area. As a result, its constitutional, legal, linguistic, and cultural legacy is widespread. At the peak of its power, it was described as "the empire on which the sun never sets", as the Sun was always shining on at least one of its territories.[4] During the Age of Discovery in the 15th and 16th centuries, Portugal and Spain pioneered European exploration of the globe, and in the process established large overseas empires. Envious of the great wealth these empires generated,[5] England, France, and the Netherlands began to establish colonies and trade networks of their own in the Americas and Asia. A series of wars in the 17th and 18th centuries with the Netherlands and France left England (Britain, following the 1707 Act of Union with Scotland) the dominant colonial power in North America. Britain became the dominant power in the Indian subcontinent after the East India Company's conquest of Mughal Bengal at the Battle of Plassey in 1757. The American War of Independence resulted in Britain losing some of its oldest and most populous colonies in North America by 1783. British attention then turned towards Asia, Africa, and the Pacific. After the defeat of France in the Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815), Britain emerged as the principal naval and imperial power of the 19th century and expanded its imperial holdings. The period of relative peace (1815–1914) during which the British Empire became the global hegemon was later described as Pax Britannica ("British Peace"). Alongside the formal control that Britain exerted over its colonies, its dominance of much of world trade meant that it effectively controlled the economies of many regions, such as Asia and Latin America.[6][7] Increasing degrees of autonomy were granted to its white settler colonies, some of which were reclassified as Dominions. By the start of the 20th century, Germany and the United States had begun to challenge Britain's economic lead. Military and economic tensions between Britain and Germany were major causes of the First World War, during which Britain relied heavily on its empire. The conflict placed enormous strain on its military, financial, and manpower resources. Although the empire achieved its largest territorial extent immediately after the First World War, Britain was no longer the world's preeminent industrial or military power. In the Second World War, Britain's colonies in East Asia and Southeast Asia were occupied by the Empire of Japan. Despite the final victory of Britain and its allies, the damage to British prestige helped accelerate the decline of the empire. India, Britain's most valuable and populous possession, achieved independence in 1947 as part of a larger decolonisation movement, in which Britain granted independence to most territories of the empire. The Suez Crisis of 1956 confirmed Britain's decline as a global power, and the transfer of Hong Kong to China on 1 July 1997 marked for many the end of the British Empire.[8][9] Fourteen overseas territories remain under British sovereignty. After independence, many former British colonies, along with most of the dominions, joined the Commonwealth of Nations, a free association of independent states. Fifteen of these, including the United Kingdom, retain a common monarch, currently King Charles III. VEGA연합원로원은 지구인들에 대해서 특히 대영제국, 영국, 미국등에 대해서 지구인수준과 등급,지위,서열(지구인최고등급 +6등급기준)상에서 비춰볼때 그 한계선내를 기준으로 하여 알아도 되는 것들과 알아야 하는 것들에 대한 표준안을 제정하여 적용토록 지시명령처리기록되다. 지구세계의 문제점은 아플레이아데스인(26등급,원본원16등급수준)들과 파충류종족들 및 선비족(플레이아데스아종계), 훈족(아플레이아데스계통)들이 지배권력층이 되어 있는 관계로서, 지구행성의 특성상, 지구인들의 발전진화단계상 부적절하게 높은 정보와 지식이 폭넓게 전달되고 공유되고 알아지고 있는바, 이는 오히려 지구체계에 있어서 발전진화 및 정상운영체계면에서 저해요인이 되고 있으므로, 이에 참조하여, 아플레이아데스인(훈족, 아틸라로서 훗날의 펠레콘계파)플레이아데스아종계통(선비족, 수당제국황제들과 선비족수장계통, 오부흉노수장계통)아플레이아데스인(미국 오클라호마지역 거주 프타, 오자와 계파)들과 JEHOVAH원대(OBERON성주계통,제3우주에서오는영향들)JEHOVAH1대(OBERON맹주, 제3우주계통에서오는영향들)JEHOVAH2대,JEHOVAH3대,JEHOVAH4대,JEHOVAH5대,JEHOVAH6대, JEHOVAH7대 및 관련관계연관된 JEHOVAH FAMILY계통에 대한 강력한 제재와 규제, 금지, 억압정책을 추진하며, 지구인등급지위서열에 맞는 수준(최고등급+8등급으로제한)에서 살도록 규제하며, 만일 불응할 경우, 지구행성에서 추방하여 처벌하는 것으로서 처리토록 지시명령처리기록되다. 지구인등급 (-5등급 ~ +12등급, 그러나 +6등급이상은 불가능하며, 부처의 경우 +8등급이나 해탈각성한 반열일 경우에 해당) 지구인들이 알아도 되는 선의 정보개방은 +5등급을 기준으로 정보공개개방기준을 설정하여 적용토록 지시명령처리기록되다.이에대하여무시묵살거부불응위배위반시에는아령啞鈴이무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록아령啞鈴이지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영구적영겁적영속적으로일괄소급하여무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록실시실행실천관수처리하다Map of the observable universe with some of the notable astronomical objects known today. The scale of length increases exponentially toward the right. Celestial bodies are shown enlarged in size to be able to understand their shapes.Laniakea SCl 나의등급지위서열을탈취찬탈하여자신의계급또는등급서열지위보다높은혹은계급또는등급서열지위에불합치위배위반되는상대와고급체고급유체섹스난행음행부정사음부정정교를즐기고상대를만족시킨결과로서국가원수직일인지하만인지상의중요한직책을원본래원본심원능력원지위원등급원실력원그릇원실제에현저하게위배위반되게거머쥔놈에대해서아령啞鈴이무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록아령啞鈴이지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영구적영겁적영속적으로일괄소급하여무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록실시실행실천관수처리하다Map of the observable universe with some of the notable astronomical objects known today. The scale of length increases exponentially toward the right. Celestial bodies are shown enlarged in size to be able to understand their shapes.Laniakea SCl 현재지금이순간지금여기까지온나에대하여아령啞鈴이지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영구적영겁적영속적으로일괄소급하여관수처리하다나의등급지위서열을탈취찬탈하여자신의계급또는등급서열지위보다높은혹은계급또는등급서열지위에불합치위배위반되는상대와고급체고급유체섹스난행음행부정사음부정정교를즐기고상대를만족시킨결과로서국가원수직일인지하만인지상의중요한직책을원본래원본심원능력원지위원등급원실력원그릇원실제에현저하게위배위반되게거머쥔놈에대해서아령啞鈴이무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록아령啞鈴이지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영구적영겁적영속적으로일괄소급하여무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록실시실행실천관수처리하다Map of the observable universe with some of the notable astronomical objects known today. The scale of length increases exponentially toward the right. Celestial bodies are shown enlarged in size to be able to understand their shapes.Laniakea SCl Chakras (UK: /ˈtʃʌkrəz/, US: /ˈtʃɑːkrəz/ CHUK-rəz, CHAH-krəz;[2] Sanskrit: चक्र, romanized: cakra, lit. 'wheel, circle'; Pali: cakka) are various focal points used in a variety of ancient meditation practices, collectively denominated as Tantra, or the esoteric or inner traditions of Hinduism.[3][4][5] The concept of the chakra arose in the early traditions of Hinduism.[6] Beliefs differ between the Indian religions, with many Buddhist texts consistently mentioning five chakras, while Hindu sources reference six or seven.[3][4][7] Early Sanskrit texts speak of them both as meditative visualizations combining flowers and mantras and as physical entities in the body.[7] Within Kundalini yoga, the techniques of breathing exercises, visualizations, mudras, bandhas, kriyas, and mantras are focused on manipulating the flow of subtle energy through chakras.[6][8] The modern Western chakra system arose from multiple sources, starting in the 1880s, followed by Sir John Woodroffe's 1919 book The Serpent Power, and Charles W. Leadbeater's 1927 book The Chakras, which introduced the seven rainbow colours for the chakras. Psychological and other attributes, and a wide range of supposed correspondences with other systems such as alchemy, astrology, gemstones, homeopathy, Kabbalah and Tarot were added later. Etymology See also: Yantra and Mandala Lexically, chakra is the Indic reflex of an ancestral Indo-European form *kʷékʷlos, whence also "wheel" and "cycle" (Ancient Greek: κύκλος, romanized: kýklos).[9][3][4] It has both literal[10] and metaphorical uses, as in the "wheel of time" or "wheel of dharma", such as in Rigveda hymn verse 1.164.11,[11][12] pervasive in the earliest Vedic texts. In Buddhism, especially in Theravada, the Pali noun cakka connotes "wheel".[13] Within the central "Tripitaka", the Buddha variously refers the "dhammacakka", or "wheel of dharma", connoting that this dharma, universal in its advocacy, should bear the marks characteristic of any temporal dispensation. The Buddha spoke of freedom from cycles in and of themselves, whether karmic, reincarnative, liberative, cognitive or emotional.[14] In Jainism, the term chakra also means "wheel" and appears in various contexts in its ancient literature.[15] As in other Indian religions, chakra in esoteric theories in Jainism such as those by Buddhisagarsuri means a yogic energy center.[16] Ancient history See also: Yoga and Nadi (yoga) The term chakra appears to first emerge within the Hindu Vedas, though not precisely in the sense of psychic energy centers, rather as chakravartin or the king who "turns the wheel of his empire" in all directions from a center, representing his influence and power.[17] The iconography popular in representing the Chakras, states the scholar David Gordon White, traces back to the five symbols of yajna, the Vedic fire altar: "square, circle, triangle, half moon and dumpling".[18] The hymn 10.136 of the Rigveda mentions a renunciate yogi with a female named kunamnama. Literally, it means "she who is bent, coiled", representing both a minor goddess and one of many embedded enigmas and esoteric riddles within the Rigveda. Some scholars, such as D.G. White and Georg Feuerstein, have suggested that she may be a reference to kundalini shakti and a precursor to the terminology associated with the chakras in later tantric traditions.[19][20][21] Breath channels (nāḍi) are mentioned in the classical Upanishads of Hinduism from the 1st millennium BCE,[22][23] but not psychic-energy chakra theories. Three classical Nadis are Ida, Pingala and Sushumna in which the central channel Sushumna is said to be foremost as per Kṣurikā-Upaniṣhad.[24] The latter, states David Gordon White, were introduced about 8th-century CE in Buddhist texts as hierarchies of inner energy centers, such as in the Hevajra Tantra and Caryāgiti.[22][25] These are called by various terms such as cakka, padma (lotus) or pitha (mound).[22] These medieval Buddhist texts mention only four chakras, while later Hindu texts such as the Kubjikāmata and Kaulajñānanirnaya expanded the list to many more.[22] In contrast to White, according to Feuerstein, early Upanishads of Hinduism do mention chakras in the sense of "psychospiritual vortices", along with other terms found in tantra: prana or vayu (life energy) along with nadi (energy carrying arteries).[20] According to Gavin Flood, the ancient texts do not present chakra and kundalini-style yoga theories although these words appear in the earliest Vedic literature in many contexts. The chakra in the sense of four or more vital energy centers appear in the medieval era Hindu and Buddhist texts.[26][22] Overview An illustration of a Saiva Nath chakra system, folio 2 from the Nath Charit, 1823. Mehrangarh Museum Trust. Chakra and divine energies Shining, she holds the noose made of the energy of will, the hook which is energy of knowledge, the bow and arrows made of energy of action. Split into support and supported, divided into eight, bearer of weapons, arising from the chakra with eight points, she has the ninefold chakra as a throne. —Yoginihrdaya 53–54 (Translator: Andre Padoux)[27] The Chakras are part of esoteric ideas and concepts about physiology and psychic centers that emerged across Indian traditions.[22][28] The belief held that human life simultaneously exists in two parallel dimensions, one "physical body" (sthula sarira) and other "psychological, emotional, mind, non-physical" it is called the "subtle body" (sukshma sarira).[29][note 1] This subtle body is energy, while the physical body is mass. The psyche or mind plane corresponds to and interacts with the body plane, and the belief holds that the body and the mind mutually affect each other.[5] The subtle body consists of nadi (energy channels) connected by nodes of psychic energy called chakra.[3] The belief grew into extensive elaboration, with some suggesting 88,000 chakras throughout the subtle body. The number of major chakras varied between various traditions, but they typically ranged between four and seven.[3][4] Nyingmapa Vajrayana Buddhist teachings mention eight chakras and there is a complete yogic system for each of them. The important chakras are stated in Hindu and Buddhist texts to be arranged in a column along the spinal cord, from its base to the top of the head, connected by vertical channels.[5][6] The tantric traditions sought to master them, awaken and energize them through various breathing exercises or with assistance of a teacher. These chakras were also symbolically mapped to specific human physiological capacity, seed syllables (bija), sounds, subtle elements (tanmatra), in some cases deities, colors and other motifs.[3][5][31] Belief in the chakra system of Hinduism and Buddhism differs from the historic Chinese system of meridians in acupuncture.[6] Unlike the latter, the chakra relates to subtle body, wherein it has a position but no definite nervous node or precise physical connection. The tantric systems envision it as continually present, highly relevant and a means to psychic and emotional energy. It is useful in a type of yogic rituals and meditative discovery of radiant inner energy (prana flows) and mind-body connections.[6][32] The meditation is aided by extensive symbology, mantras, diagrams, models (deity and mandala). The practitioner proceeds step by step from perceptible models, to increasingly abstract models where deity and external mandala are abandoned, inner self and internal mandalas are awakened.[33][34] These ideas are not unique to Hindu and Buddhist traditions. Similar and overlapping concepts emerged in other cultures in the East and the West, and these are variously called by other names such as subtle body, spirit body, esoteric anatomy, sidereal body and etheric body.[35][36][30] According to Geoffrey Samuel and Jay Johnston, professors of Religious studies known for their studies on Yoga and esoteric traditions: Ideas and practices involving so-called 'subtle bodies' have existed for many centuries in many parts of the world. (...) Virtually all human cultures known to us have some kind of concept of mind, spirit or soul as distinct from the physical body, if only to explain experiences such as sleep and dreaming. (...) An important subset of subtle-body practices, found particularly in Indian and Tibetan Tantric traditions, and in similar Chinese practices, involves the idea of an internal 'subtle physiology' of the body (or rather of the body-mind complex) made up of channels through which substances of some kind flow, and points of intersection at which these channels come together. In the Indian tradition the channels are known as nadi and the points of intersection as cakra. — Geoffrey Samuel and Jay Johnston, Religion and the Subtle Body in Asia and the West: Between Mind and Body[37] Contrast with classical yoga Chakra and related beliefs have been important to the esoteric traditions, but they are not directly related to mainstream yoga.[38] According to the Indologist Edwin Bryant and other scholars, the goals of classical yoga such as spiritual liberation (freedom, self-knowledge, moksha) is "attained entirely differently in classical yoga, and the cakra / nadi / kundalini physiology is completely peripheral to it."[39][40] Number of chakras There is no consensus in Hinduism about the number of chakras because the concept of chakras has been evolved and interpreted differently by various sects, schools of thought, and spiritual traditions within Hinduism over the centuries. While some traditions follow the seven main chakra system as described in Patanjali's Yoga Sutra, others recognize additional chakras or a different number of chakras. The lack of a universally accepted standard has led to variation and diversity in the interpretation and understanding of chakras within Hinduism. There are several sects within Hinduism that have their own unique interpretations and understandings of the concept of chakras. Here are some of the major sects that have different perspectives on chakras: Bhakti Yoga: In Bhakti Yoga, the number of chakras varies, but the focus is often on the heart chakra as the center of spiritual devotion. Ayurveda (3): In Ayurveda, there are three main chakras, known as the "Marmas," which are considered to be the focal points of the physical, mental, and spiritual energies in the body. Shaivism (5): In Shaivism, there are five chakras, with the focus being on the heart and crown chakras. Tantra (6): In Tantra, there are traditionally said to be four to six chakras, with the crown chakra being considered the highest. Kashmir Shaivism (6-7): In Kashmir Shaivism, there are six or seven chakras, with the focus being on the awakening of the divine energy within. Patanjali Yoga (7): Follows the seven main chakra system as described in Patanjali's Yoga Sutra. Hatha Yoga (7): In Hatha Yoga, there are seven main chakras, but some Hatha Yoga traditions also recognize additional chakras. Kundalini Yoga (7): In Kundalini Yoga, there are seven main chakras, but additional minor chakras are also recognized. Nath Tradition (8): In the Nath tradition, there are eight main chakras, with the emphasis being on the awakening of the divine energy through these centers. Vaishnavism (12): In Vaishnavism, there are twelve chakras, with the emphasis being on the spiritual ascent through these centers. Classical traditions In meditation, chakras are often visualised in different ways, such as a lotus flower, or a disc containing a particular deity. The classical eastern traditions, particularly those that developed in India during the 1st millennium AD, primarily describe nadi and chakra in a "subtle body" context.[41] To them, they are in same dimension as of the psyche-mind reality that is invisible yet real. In the nadi and cakra flow the prana (breath, life energy).[41][42] The concept of "life energy" varies between the texts, ranging from simple inhalation-exhalation to far more complex association with breath-mind-emotions-sexual energy.[41] This prana or essence is what vanishes when a person dies, leaving a gross body. Some of this concept states this subtle body is what withdraws within, when one sleeps. All of it is believed to be reachable, awake-able and important for an individual's body-mind health, and how one relates to other people in one's life.[41] This subtle body network of nadi and chakra is, according to some later Indian theories and many new age speculations, closely associated with emotions.[41][43] Hindu Tantra Main article: Kundalini energy Esoteric traditions in Hinduism mention numerous numbers and arrangements of chakras, of which a classical system of six-plus-one, the last being the Sahasrara, is most prevalent.[3][4][5] This seven-part system, central to the core texts of hatha yoga, is one among many systems found in Hindu tantric literature. Hindu Tantra associates six Yoginis with six places in the subtle body, corresponding to the six chakras of the six-plus-one system.[44] Association of six Yoginis with chakra locations in the Rudrayamala Tantra[44] Place in subtle body Yogini 1. Muladhara Dakini 2. Svadhisthana Rakini 3. Manipura Lakini 4. Anahata Kakini 5. Vishuddhi Shakini 6. Ajna Hakini The Chakra methodology is extensively developed in the goddess tradition of Hinduism called Shaktism. It is an important concept along with yantras, mandalas and kundalini yoga in its practice. Chakra in Shakta tantrism means circle, an "energy center" within, as well as being a term for group rituals such as in chakra-puja (worship within a circle) which may or may not involve tantra practice.[45] The cakra-based system is a part of the meditative exercises that came to be known as yoga.[46] Buddhist Tantra Main article: Vajrayana A Tibetan illustration of the subtle body showing the central channel and two side channels as well as five chakras. A Tibetan thangka with a diagram showing six chakras—a root chakra, a chakra at the sex organs, one at the navel, one at the heart, another at the throat and the last one located at the crown.[47] The esoteric traditions in Buddhism generally teach four chakras.[3] In some early Buddhist sources, these chakras are identified as: manipura (navel), anahata (heart), vishuddha (throat) and ushnisha kamala (crown).[48] In one development within the Nyingma lineage of the Mantrayana of Tibetan Buddhism a popular conceptualization of chakras in increasing subtlety and increasing order is as follows: Nirmanakaya (gross self), Sambhogakaya (subtle self), Dharmakaya (causal self), and Mahasukhakaya (non-dual self), each vaguely and indirectly corresponding to the categories within the Shaiva Mantramarga universe, i.e., Svadhisthana, Anahata, Visuddha, Sahasrara, etc.[49] However, depending on the meditational tradition, these vary between three and six.[48] The chakras are considered psycho-spiritual constituents, each bearing meaningful correspondences to cosmic processes and their postulated Buddha counterpart.[50][48] A system of five chakras is common among the Mother class of Tantras and these five chakras along with their correspondences are:[51] Basal chakra (Element: Earth, Buddha: Amoghasiddhi, Bija mantra: LAM) Abdominal chakra (Element: Water, Buddha: Ratnasambhava, Bija mantra: VAM) Heart chakra (Element: Fire, Buddha: Akshobhya, Bija mantra: RAM) Throat chakra (Element: Wind, Buddha: Amitabha, Bija mantra: YAM) Crown chakra (Element: Space, Buddha: Vairochana, Bija mantra: KHAM) Chakras clearly play a key role in Tibetan Buddhism, and are considered to be the pivotal providence of Tantric thinking. And, the precise use of the chakras across the gamut of tantric sadhanas gives little space to doubt the primary efficacy of Tibetan Buddhism as distinct religious agency, that being that precise revelation that, without Tantra there would be no Chakras, but more importantly, without Chakras, there is no Tibetan Buddhism. The highest practices in Tibetan Buddhism point to the ability to bring the subtle pranas of an entity into alignment with the central channel, and to thus penetrate the realisation of the ultimate unity, namely, the "organic harmony" of one's individual consciousness of Wisdom with the co-attainment of All-embracing Love, thus synthesizing a direct cognition of absolute Buddhahood.[52] According to Samuel, the buddhist esoteric systems developed cakra and nadi as "central to their soteriological process".[53] The theories were sometimes, but not always, coupled with a unique system of physical exercises, called yantra yoga or 'phrul 'khor. Chakras, according to the Bon tradition, enable the gestalt of experience, with each of the five major chakras, being psychologically linked with the five experiential qualities of unenlightened consciousness, the six realms of woe.[54] The tsa lung practice embodied in the Trul khor lineage, unbaffles the primary channels, thus activating and circulating liberating prana. Yoga awakens the deep mind, thus bringing forth positive attributes, inherent gestalts, and virtuous qualities. In a computer analogy, the screen of one's consciousness is slated and an attribute-bearing file is called up that contains necessary positive or negative, supportive qualities.[54] Tantric practice is said to eventually transform all experience into clear light. The practice aims to liberate from all negative conditioning, and the deep cognitive salvation of freedom from control and unity of perception and cognition.[54] The seven chakra system One widely popular schema of seven chakras is as follows, from bottom to top: 1. Muladhara 2. Svadhisthana 3. Manipura 4. Anahata 5. Vishuddhi 6. Ajna 7. Sahasrara.[4] The colours are modern.[55] The more common and most studied chakra system incorporates six major chakras along with a seventh center generally not regarded as a chakra. These points are arranged vertically along the axial channel (sushumna nadi in Hindu texts, Avadhuti in some Buddhist texts).[56] According to Gavin Flood, this system of six chakras plus the sahasrara "center" at the crown first appears in the Kubjikāmata-tantra, an 11th-century Kaula work.[57] It was this chakra system that was translated in the early 20th century by Sir John Woodroffe (also called Arthur Avalon) in the text The Serpent Power. Avalon translated the Hindu text Ṣaṭ-Cakra-Nirūpaṇa meaning the examination (nirūpaṇa) of the seven (ṣaṭ) chakras (cakra).[58] The Chakras are traditionally considered meditation aids. The yogi progresses from lower chakras to the highest chakra blossoming in the crown of the head, internalizing the journey of spiritual ascent.[59] In both the Hindu kundalini and Buddhist candali traditions, the chakras are pierced by a dormant energy residing near or in the lowest chakra. In Hindu texts she is known as Kundalini, while in Buddhist texts she is called Candali or Tummo (Tibetan: gtum mo, "fierce one").[60] Below are the common new age description of these six chakras and the seventh point known as sahasrara. This new age version incorporates the Newtonian colors of the rainbow not found in any ancient Indian system.[55] Image of chakra Name Sanskrit (Translation) Location No. of petals Modern colour Seed syllable Description Sahasrara Mandala.svg Sahasrara सहस्रार "Thousand-petaled" Crown 1000 Multi or violet — Highest spiritual centre, pure consciousness, containing neither object nor subject. When the feminine Kundalini Shakti rises to this point, it unites with the masculine Shiva, giving self-realization and samadhi.[4] In esoteric Buddhism, it is called Mahasukha, the petal lotus of "Great Bliss" corresponding to the fourth state of Four Noble Truths.[60] Ajna Mandala.svg Ajna or Agya आज्ञा "Command" Between eyebrows 2 Indigo — Guru chakra, or in New Age usage third-eye chakra, the subtle center of energy, where the tantra guru touches the seeker during the initiation ritual. He or she commands the awakened kundalini to pass through this centre.[4] Vishuddha Mandala.svg Vishuddha विशुद्ध "Purest" Throat 16 Blue Ham (space) 16 petals covered with the sixteen Sanskrit vowels. Associated with the element of space (akasha). The residing deity is Panchavaktra shiva, with 5 heads and 4 arms, and the Shakti is Shakini.[4] In esoteric Buddhism, it is called Sambhoga and is generally considered to be the petal lotus of "Enjoyment" corresponding to the third state of Four Noble Truths.[60] Anahata Mandala.svg Anahata अनाहत "Unstruck" Heart 12 Green Yam (air) Within it is a yantra of two intersecting triangles, forming a hexagram, symbolising a union of the male and female, and the element of air (vayu). The presiding deity is Ishana Rudra Shiva, and the Shakti is Kakini.[4] In esoteric Buddhism, this Chakra is called Dharma and is generally considered to be the petal lotus of "Essential nature" and corresponding to the second state of Four Noble Truths.[60] Manipura Mandala.svg Manipura मणिपूर "Jewel city" Navel 10 Yellow Ram (fire) For the Nath yogi meditation system, this is described as the Madhyama-Shakti or the intermediate stage of self-discovery.[59] This chakra is represented as a downward pointing triangle representing fire in the middle of a lotus with ten petals. The presiding deity is Braddha Rudra, with Lakini as the Shakti.[4] Swadhisthana Mandala.svg Svadhishthana स्वाधिष्ठान "Where the self is established" Root of sexual organs 6 Orange Vam (water) Svadhisthana is represented with a lotus within which is a crescent moon symbolizing the water element. The presiding deity is Brahma, with the Shakti being Rakini (or Chakini).[4] In esoteric Buddhism, it is called Nirmana, the petal lotus of "Creation" and corresponding to the first state of Four Noble Truths.[60] Muladhara Mandala.svg Muladhara मूलाधार "Root" Base of spine 4 Red Lam (earth) Dormant Kundalini is often said to be resting here, wrapped three and a half, or seven or twelve times. Sometimes she is wrapped around the black Svayambhu linga, the lowest of three obstructions to her full rising (also known as knots or granthis).[61] It is symbolised as a four-petaled lotus with a yellow square at its center representing the element of earth.[4] The seed syllable is Lam for the earth element. All sounds, words and mantras in their dormant form rest in the muladhara chakra, where Ganesha resides,[62] while the Shakti is Dakini.[63] The associated animal is the elephant.[64] Western chakra system Main article: Esotericism History Chakra positions in supposed relation to nervous plexuses, from Charles W. Leadbeater's 1927 book The Chakras Kurt Leland, for the Theosophical Society in America, concluded that the western chakra system was produced by an "unintentional collaboration" of many groups of people: esotericists and clairvoyants, often theosophical; Indologists; the scholar of myth, Joseph Campbell; the founders of the Esalen Institute and the psychological tradition of Carl Jung; the colour system of Charles W. Leadbeater's 1927 book The Chakras,[65] treated as traditional lore by some modern Indian yogis; and energy healers such as Barbara Brennan.[55][66] Leland states that far from being traditional, the two main elements of the modern system, the rainbow colours and the list of qualities, first appeared together only in 1977.[55] The concept of a set of seven chakras came to the West in the 1880s; at that time each chakra was associated with a nerve plexus.[55] In 1918, Sir John Woodroffe, alias Arthur Avalon, translated two Indian texts, the Ṣaṭ-Cakra-Nirūpaṇa and the Pādukā-Pañcaka, and in his book The Serpent Power drew Western attention to the seven chakra theory.[67] In the 1920s, each of the seven chakras was associated with an endocrine gland,[55] a tradition that has persisted.[68][69][70] More recently, the lower six chakras have been linked to both nerve plexuses and glands.[71] The seven rainbow colours were added by Leadbeater in 1927; a variant system in the 1930s proposed six colours plus white.[55] Leadbeater's theory was influenced by Johann Georg Gichtel's 1696 book Theosophia Practica, which mentioned inner "force centres".[72] Psychological and other attributes such as layers of the aura, developmental stages, associated diseases, Aristotelian elements, emotions, and states of consciousness were added still later.[55] A wide range of supposed correspondences such as with alchemical metals, astrological signs and planets, foods, herbs, gemstones, homeopathic remedies, Kabbalistic spheres, musical notes, totem animals, and Tarot cards have also been proposed.[55] New Age Further information: New Age In Anatomy of the Spirit (1996), Caroline Myss described the function of chakras as follows: "Every thought and experience you've ever had in your life gets filtered through these chakra databases. Each event is recorded into your cells...".[73] The chakras are described as being aligned in an ascending column from the base of the spine to the top of the head. New Age practices often associate each chakra with a certain colour. In various traditions, chakras are associated with multiple physiological functions, an aspect of consciousness, a classical element, and other distinguishing characteristics; these do not correspond to those used in ancient Indian systems. The chakras are visualised as lotuses or flowers with a different number of petals in every chakra.[55] The chakras are thought to vitalise the physical body and to be associated with interactions of a physical, emotional and mental nature. They are considered loci of life energy or prana (which New Age belief equates with shakti, qi in Chinese, ki in Japanese, koach-ha-guf[74] in Hebrew, bios in Greek, and aether in both Greek and English), which is thought to flow among them along pathways called nadi. The function of the chakras is to spin and draw in this energy to keep the spiritual, mental, emotional and physical health of the body in balance.[75] Rudolf Steiner considered the chakra system to be dynamic and evolving. He suggested that this system has become different for modern people than it was in ancient times and that it will, in turn, be radically different in future times.[76][77][78] Steiner described a sequence of development that begins with the upper chakras and moves down, rather than moving in the opposite direction. He gave suggestions on how to develop the chakras through disciplining thoughts, feelings, and will.[79] According to Florin Lowndes, a "spiritual student" can further develop and deepen or elevate thinking consciousness when taking the step from the "ancient path" of schooling to the "new path" represented by Steiner's The Philosophy of Freedom.[80] Skeptical response Further information: Scientific skepticism The not-for-profit Edinburgh Skeptics Society states that despite their popularity, "there has never been any evidence for these meridian lines or chakras". It adds that while practitioners sometimes cite "scientific evidence" for their claims, such evidence is often "incredibly shaky".[81] See also Hinduism portal Aura Dantian—energy centre in Chinese Taoist systems Surya Namaskar—the Sun Salutation, in which each posture is sometimes associated with a chakra and a mantra Notes The roots to this belief are found in Samkhya and Vedanta which attempt to conceptualize the permanent soul and impermanent body as interacting in three overlapping states: the gross body (sthula sarira), the subtle body (sukshma sarira), and causal body (karana sarira). These ideas emerged to address questions relating to the nature of body and soul, how and why they interact while one is awake, one is asleep and over the conception-birth-growth-decay-death-rebirth cycle.[29][30]

 영유계에대하여아령啞鈴이지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영구적영겁적영속적으로일괄소급하여관수처리하다에대하여나의등급지위서열을탈취찬탈하여자신의계급또는등급서열지위보다높은혹은계급또는등급서열지위에불합치위배위반되는상대와고급체고급유체섹스난행음행부정사음부정정교를즐기고상대를만족시킨결과로서국가원수직일인지하만인지상의중요한직책을원본래원본심원능력원지위원등급원실력원그릇원실제에현저하게위배위반되게거머쥔놈에대해서아령啞鈴이무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록아령啞鈴이지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영구적영겁적영속적으로일괄소급하여무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록실시실행실천관수처리하다Map of the observable universe with some of the notable astronomical objects known today. The scale of length increases exponentially toward the right. Celestial bodies are shown enlarged in size to be able to understand their shapes.Laniakea SCl

유영계에대하여아령啞鈴이지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영구적영겁적영속적으로일괄소급하여관수처리하다에대하여나의등급지위서열을탈취찬탈하여자신의계급또는등급서열지위보다높은혹은계급또는등급서열지위에불합치위배위반되는상대와고급체고급유체섹스난행음행부정사음부정정교를즐기고상대를만족시킨결과로서국가원수직일인지하만인지상의중요한직책을원본래원본심원능력원지위원등급원실력원그릇원실제에현저하게위배위반되게거머쥔놈에대해서아령啞鈴이무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록아령啞鈴이지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영구적영겁적영속적으로일괄소급하여무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록실시실행실천관수처리하다Map of the observable universe with some of the notable astronomical objects known today. The scale of length increases exponentially toward the right. Celestial bodies are shown enlarged in size to be able to understand their shapes.Laniakea SCl

MIMAS PTHA OJAWA ARUS등 플레이아데스4대무법자들과 아플레이아데스수장들이나 아플레이아데스인들이 여러가지 이유로 하여 지구로 귀양온 박종권이를 가해하라고 아틀란티스12주신들이나 지구인들 대영제국지도부에 요구하지만, 이 사람들 의견으로는 아무리 자기들이 해코지를 하라고 하기는 했지만, 최소한 군수급mayorsubprefect급정도는 처우해주는것이 자기들 생각인데 이 사람들이 너무 심하다라고 말하다. 이에 대해서 지구인들 특히 대영제국지도부, 구일본제국지도부, 일본지도부, 중국지도부, 선비족수장계, 오부흉노수장계, 수당황제들이 가혹한 해코지를 자행한 것으로 유추판단되다. 군수급처우면 그런대로 맘에 드는 여자얻고 결혼하고 그런대로 그럭저럭 살았을거다. 여기에 대해서 책임을 져야 할 자들에 대하여아령啞鈴이지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영구적영겁적영속적으로일괄소급하여관수처리하다에대하여나의등급지위서열을탈취찬탈하여자신의계급또는등급서열지위보다높은혹은계급또는등급서열지위에불합치위배위반되는상대와고급체고급유체섹스난행음행부정사음부정정교를즐기고상대를만족시킨결과로서국가원수직일인지하만인지상의중요한직책을원본래원본심원능력원지위원등급원실력원그릇원실제에현저하게위배위반되게거머쥔놈에대해서아령啞鈴이무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록아령啞鈴이지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영구적영겁적영속적으로일괄소급하여무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록실시실행실천관수처리하다Map of the observable universe with some of the notable astronomical objects known today. The scale of length increases exponentially toward the right. Celestial bodies are shown enlarged in size to be able to understand their shapes.Laniakea SCl



마거릿힐다대처(?명확하지는 않다. 다만, 부산가서 목격한 분위기느낌을 보면 분명히 이 여자가 맞기는 맞다.폭넓은 레이스치마입고 헐렁헐렁하게 와일드하게 가는데 이게 서양여자들에게서 종종 보이는 폼이다)는, 한국인으로도 변신해서 오는데, 내가 결혼하기 이전이다. 이 당시 집을 떠나서 잠시 자취를 하는데, 주인집에 살던 여자가 좀 이상하다. 그리고 처음 이사하여 방안에 있는데, 갑자기 웬 남자가 나타나면서 실실 쪼개며 웃는다. 지금와서 보니 이게 이건희다. 이 집은, 마거릿힐다대처가 이건희와 부정사음부정정교성교를 했던 집이 분명하다. 쌍문동전철역 부근인데, 분명히 지리적위치는 한국인데도 이게 지구에테르물질계나 지옥유계 혹은 준유계, 반유계, 영유계, 유영계등에 집을 짓고 겹쳐놓는 수법이다. 즉, 영국이었다는 얘기다. 여기서 마거릿힐다대처는 이건희와 부정정교부정사음성교하여 애를 둘이나 낳는데, 이 집 여자도 애가 둘이었다. 둘다 여자애들이다

이 여자는, 그 모습과 형상이 어딘지 모르게 서양여자와 유사해보인다. 어쨌든 말하기는 좀 그렇지만, 이 여자와 관계를 가지는데, 음문, 음부가 서양여자음문,서양여자음부와 매우 유사하다는 느낌이다. 좀 이상하다는 느낌이 그 당시 들었는데, 이제와서 보니, 서양여자가 겹쳐 있음이 매우 분명하다 이 여자는 남편이 있는데, 모습,형상을 보건대는, 마왕이거나 이건희 중국유사마왕놈이 위위형해서 들어온 놈이 매우 분명하다. 말하자면, 오늘 내가 마거릿힐다대처가 서기1855년경에 이건희와 성교해서 애까지 낳았다는 장소를 그림주문으로 치는데, 이건희가 잽싸게 달아나는 모습이 보인다. 가만 보니까 데리고 실컷 즐기고 놀았는데, 이제 슬슬 싫증이 난다. 그래서 이 새끼가 내게 떠넘기고 달아나는 수작질로 보인다. 10년을 살았다는데, 이 주인집딸 여자도 보니까 한 10년이상 결혼생활한 여자다. 여자 애 둘이 있는데, 한 5~6세 된 듯 싶다 이 여자 성품은 아주 이상해서 가만 보면 서양여자 성품이다. 몇번 관계하다가 도저히 못하겠어서 그만 그 집에서 나온다. 이 여자와 관계중에 천둥벼락이 치고, 난리가 난다. 내 앞에 나타나서 실실 쪼개던 남자놈은 아마도 이 여자와 그 이전부터 즐기던 놈 같다. 자기가 다 안다는 식으로 실실 쪼개면서 보다가 가는데, 요 새끼가 이건희가 분명하다. 그러다가 이건희프로젝트 시기에 돈 10억원 준다고 하길래 나갔는데, 서기2008년 4월에 이건희 욕을 했다는 매우 불분명한 이유로 붙잡혀 들어온다. 이후 이 감금구속영역에서 이 여자를 또 보는데, 지하철역 상점에서 옷을 팔고 있다. 이 여자는 두 딸애를 원수보듯 노려보는데, 가만보니, 나하고 같이 도망가서 살자는 메시지가 종종 온다. 나중에는 겁이 나서 도망치듯 나왔는데, 두 딸애가 몹시 안 되어 보였다. 이 당시는 이상한데, 결혼후 애들과 함께 쌍문동 근처를 오니 E-MART가 생겨난다. 이 시기는, E-MART가 시작되던 초기라 가보면 물건이고 뭐고 그냥 중국산 싸구려일색이다. 그저 그렇군하고 나오는데, 수년뒤 보니 아주 근사하게 세련되게 변화한다. 지금은 다이소가 잘 하는데, 같은 물건이라도 위포장, 위치장을 어떻게 하느냐에 달려 있는 듯 싶다.


쌍문동자취방에대하여아령啞鈴이지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영구적영겁적영속적으로일괄소급하여관수처리하다에대하여나의등급지위서열을탈취찬탈하여자신의계급또는등급서열지위보다높은혹은계급또는등급서열지위에불합치위배위반되는상대와고급체고급유체섹스난행음행부정사음부정정교를즐기고상대를만족시킨결과로서국가원수직일인지하만인지상의중요한직책을원본래원본심원능력원지위원등급원실력원그릇원실제에현저하게위배위반되게거머쥔놈에대해서아령啞鈴이무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록아령啞鈴이지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영구적영겁적영속적으로일괄소급하여무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록실시실행실천관수처리하다Map of the observable universe with some of the notable astronomical objects known today. The scale of length increases exponentially toward the right. Celestial bodies are shown enlarged in size to be able to understand their shapes.Laniakea SCl


비밀준수 누설 금지


비밀을 지킨다는 것은, 일정수준의 지위, 서열, 등급이 실제적현실로서 담보가 될 때에 가능하다

비밀이라는 것은, 일정등급, 일정지위, 일정서열이상에서 발생되는 특이점이다. 그 이하에서는 비밀이란 없다

만일 내가 일정서열, 일정등급, 일정지위이상에 있다면, 그러한 형세가 나로 하여금 비밀을 지키게 할 것이다.

하지만 그와 같은 형세가 아니라면, 비밀은 유지되기 어렵고, 사실상 그러한 형세이하일 경우에는 비밀이라는 것이 있을수가 없다. 물론 사생활문제, 사적인 문제의 비밀들이 있는데, 그래봐야 섹스, 성교정도일 것이고 나머지는 업무상, 공무상, 회사나 조직에서 맡고 있는 일들과 연관된 것들인데, 그것도 웬만한 높은 지위 혹은 중요직책에서나 있지 사실상 없다

사람들이 시시콜콜 사적인 문제, 사생활문제 등의 비밀들에 대해서 간혹 말하고는 하지만, 실제로는 다 아는 문제고 비밀이랄 것도 없는데, 다만 인격존중 인품존중차원에서 그렇게 다뤄주는 것 뿐이고, 실제는 다 아는 문제로서 비밀이란 없다

다만, 국가원수, 국무총리, 장관 및 기타 일정등급이나 수준이상의 공직에서는 비밀이 있을수 있다. 그리고 기업체도 중요 개발자료, 경영자료 같은 건데 그건 사장급이나 되야 되고, 잘해야 이사급이다 국방관련비밀이 클수 있는데, 그것도 특정 군인들 고위장군들이나 그렇고 뭐 그렇다

비밀 운운하는 영국고위층이 안스럽게 보인다.

당신들이 내가 가진 어떤 점을 죽여버리고 기를 꺽기 위해서 의도적으로 하급지구인, 하전민, 하층민으로 만들고 우습게 대한다는 것을 안다. 비밀을 지킨다는것은 명예심, 존중심, 자부심, 자긍심에서 나온다. 열받게 하지 마라



AD1855년마거릿힐더대처와이건희의최초성교부정사음행위언행현장시기장소시공간차원영역시간대에대하여아령啞鈴이지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영구적영겁적영속적으로일괄소급하여관수처리하다에대하여나의등급지위서열을탈취찬탈하여자신의계급또는등급서열지위보다높은혹은계급또는등급서열지위에불합치위배위반되는상대와고급체고급유체섹스난행음행부정사음부정정교를즐기고상대를만족시킨결과로서국가원수직일인지하만인지상의중요한직책을원본래원본심원능력원지위원등급원실력원그릇원실제에현저하게위배위반되게거머쥔놈에대해서아령啞鈴이무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록아령啞鈴이지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영구적영겁적영속적으로일괄소급하여무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록실시실행실천관수처리하다Map of the observable universe with some of the notable astronomical objects known today. The scale of length increases exponentially toward the right. Celestial bodies are shown enlarged in size to be able to understand their shapes.Laniakea SCl


현재유체에대하여아령啞鈴이지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영구적영겁적영속적으로일괄소급하여관수처리하다에대하여나의등급지위서열을탈취찬탈하여자신의계급또는등급서열지위보다높은혹은계급또는등급서열지위에불합치위배위반되는상대와고급체고급유체섹스난행음행부정사음부정정교를즐기고상대를만족시킨결과로서국가원수직일인지하만인지상의중요한직책을원본래원본심원능력원지위원등급원실력원그릇원실제에현저하게위배위반되게거머쥔놈에대해서아령啞鈴이무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록아령啞鈴이지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영구적영겁적영속적으로일괄소급하여무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록실시실행실천관수처리하다Map of the observable universe with some of the notable astronomical objects known today. The scale of length increases exponentially toward the right. Celestial bodies are shown enlarged in size to be able to understand their shapes.Laniakea SCl

과거유체에대하여아령啞鈴이지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영구적영겁적영속적으로일괄소급하여관수처리하다에대하여나의등급지위서열을탈취찬탈하여자신의계급또는등급서열지위보다높은혹은계급또는등급서열지위에불합치위배위반되는상대와고급체고급유체섹스난행음행부정사음부정정교를즐기고상대를만족시킨결과로서국가원수직일인지하만인지상의중요한직책을원본래원본심원능력원지위원등급원실력원그릇원실제에현저하게위배위반되게거머쥔놈에대해서아령啞鈴이무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록아령啞鈴이지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영구적영겁적영속적으로일괄소급하여무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록실시실행실천관수처리하다Map of the observable universe with some of the notable astronomical objects known today. The scale of length increases exponentially toward the right. Celestial bodies are shown enlarged in size to be able to understand their shapes.Laniakea SCl

과금유체에대하여아령啞鈴이지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영구적영겁적영속적으로일괄소급하여관수처리하다에대하여나의등급지위서열을탈취찬탈하여자신의계급또는등급서열지위보다높은혹은계급또는등급서열지위에불합치위배위반되는상대와고급체고급유체섹스난행음행부정사음부정정교를즐기고상대를만족시킨결과로서국가원수직일인지하만인지상의중요한직책을원본래원본심원능력원지위원등급원실력원그릇원실제에현저하게위배위반되게거머쥔놈에대해서아령啞鈴이무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록아령啞鈴이지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영구적영겁적영속적으로일괄소급하여무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록실시실행실천관수처리하다Map of the observable universe with some of the notable astronomical objects known today. The scale of length increases exponentially toward the right. Celestial bodies are shown enlarged in size to be able to understand their shapes.Laniakea SCl

당금유체에대하여아령啞鈴이지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영구적영겁적영속적으로일괄소급하여관수처리하다에대하여나의등급지위서열을탈취찬탈하여자신의계급또는등급서열지위보다높은혹은계급또는등급서열지위에불합치위배위반되는상대와고급체고급유체섹스난행음행부정사음부정정교를즐기고상대를만족시킨결과로서국가원수직일인지하만인지상의중요한직책을원본래원본심원능력원지위원등급원실력원그릇원실제에현저하게위배위반되게거머쥔놈에대해서아령啞鈴이무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록아령啞鈴이지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영구적영겁적영속적으로일괄소급하여무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록실시실행실천관수처리하다Map of the observable universe with some of the notable astronomical objects known today. The scale of length increases exponentially toward the right. Celestial bodies are shown enlarged in size to be able to understand their shapes.Laniakea SCl

현금유체에대하여아령啞鈴이지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영구적영겁적영속적으로일괄소급하여관수처리하다에대하여나의등급지위서열을탈취찬탈하여자신의계급또는등급서열지위보다높은혹은계급또는등급서열지위에불합치위배위반되는상대와고급체고급유체섹스난행음행부정사음부정정교를즐기고상대를만족시킨결과로서국가원수직일인지하만인지상의중요한직책을원본래원본심원능력원지위원등급원실력원그릇원실제에현저하게위배위반되게거머쥔놈에대해서아령啞鈴이무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록아령啞鈴이지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영구적영겁적영속적으로일괄소급하여무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록실시실행실천관수처리하다Map of the observable universe with some of the notable astronomical objects known today. The scale of length increases exponentially toward the right. Celestial bodies are shown enlarged in size to be able to understand their shapes.Laniakea SCl

AD1855년마거릿힐더대처와이건희의최초성교부정사음행위언행현장시기장소시공간차원영역시간대에대하여아령啞鈴이지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영구적영겁적영속적으로일괄소급하여관수처리하다에대하여나의등급지위서열을탈취찬탈하여자신의계급또는등급서열지위보다높은혹은계급또는등급서열지위에불합치위배위반되는상대와고급체고급유체섹스난행음행부정사음부정정교를즐기고상대를만족시킨결과로서국가원수직일인지하만인지상의중요한직책을원본래원본심원능력원지위원등급원실력원그릇원실제에현저하게위배위반되게거머쥔놈에대해서아령啞鈴이무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록아령啞鈴이지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영구적영겁적영속적으로일괄소급하여무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록실시실행실천관수처리하다Map of the observable universe with some of the notable astronomical objects known today. The scale of length increases exponentially toward the right. Celestial bodies are shown enlarged in size to be able to understand their shapes.Laniakea SCl


그레이트브리튼 및 북아일랜드 연합왕국(영어: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland), 약칭 연합 왕국(영어: The United Kingdom 유나이티드 킹덤[*], The UK, U.K.), 브리튼(영어: Britain) 또는 영국(英國)의총리직에대하여제안이있었다이에대하여그러한지위직분직무를수행하기에는현저하게자질과배움이부족하여정중하게예의를갖추어고사하는것으로서처리토록지시명령처리기록되다이에대하여아령啞鈴이지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영구적영겁적영속적으로일괄소급하여관수처리하다아령啞鈴은각각의제안에대하여이건희이재용및중국황제및선비족수장훈족수장아플레이아데스아종계의무단차용무단임대무단임차무단임대차무단공유이중영체등의수법수단방법도구tool로서무단대리대행참가참여동반동거동행하여내가나의가눈치채지못하거나알더라도어떻게할수없는상태로만들고나를죽이고자기를나로알게하는등의술수를쓰거나나의실체의식체를지옥유계만든맵매트릭스사설감옥사설정신사설병원사설형무소서재과거사고현장사건현장등에결박구속하고폭력무력위력위세구타폭행뺨치는위박겁박협박침박살인살해돈줄차단생계차단섹스차단사회차단인간관계차단사랑차단연애차단정상적범주내의쾌락차단등의수법수단방법도구tool로서무력화시키고장애자준장애유발후주먹질발길질조직폭력배흉악잔인악독사악악의적의부정적대로서포비아Phobia극단적잔인한힘에대한무뢰배적공포로서제압하여죽이고Willful자행arbitrary자행꼴리는대로자행하는개인실체ousia와이를목적으로하는단체또는집단을조직하거나이에가입또는그구성원으로활동한사람에대해서무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록아령啞鈴이지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영구적영겁적영속적으로일괄소급하여무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록실시실행실천관수처리하다In this schematic diagram, time passes from left to right, with the universe represented by a disk-shaped "slice" at any given time. Time and size are not to scale. To make the early stages visible, the time to the afterglow stage (really the first 0.003%) is stretched and the subsequent expansion (really by 1,100 times to the present) is largely suppressedMap of the observable universe with some of the notable astronomical objects known today. The scale of length increases exponentially toward the right. Celestial bodies are shown enlarged in size to be able to understand their shapes.Laniakea SCl

정플레이아데스인34등급박종권정식서명처리

정플레이아데스인34등급박종권과현재지금여기이순간지금여기까지와있는나정식서명처리

Andromedagalacticsystem연합원로원

Lyra연합원로원

Vega연합원로원

Pleiades연합원로원

과거Pleiades연합원로원

Pleiades연방원로원

제17Atlantis연합문명평의회연합원로원

말데크연합원로원

무르데크연합원로원

대영제국의기간중영국의왕이자인도제국의황제영국총리는Vega직속으로한다로서처리토록지시명령처리기록되다Map of the observable universe with some of the notable astronomical objects known today. The scale of length increases exponentially toward the right. Celestial bodies are shown enlarged in size to be able to understand their shapes.


중국공산당 중앙정치국 상무위원회상무위원직에대하여제안이있었다이에대하여그러한지위직분직무를수행하기에는현저하게자질과배움이부족하여정중하게예의를갖추어고사하는것으로서처리토록지시명령처리기록되다이에대하여아령啞鈴이지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영구적영겁적영속적으로일괄소급하여관수처리하다아령啞鈴은각각의제안에대하여이건희이재용및중국황제및선비족수장훈족수장아플레이아데스아종계의무단차용무단임대무단임차무단임대차무단공유이중영체등의수법수단방법도구tool로서무단대리대행참가참여동반동거동행하여내가나의가눈치채지못하거나알더라도어떻게할수없는상태로만들고나를죽이고자기를나로알게하는등의술수를쓰거나나의실체의식체를지옥유계만든맵매트릭스사설감옥사설정신사설병원사설형무소서재과거사고현장사건현장등에결박구속하고폭력무력위력위세구타폭행뺨치는위박겁박협박침박살인살해돈줄차단생계차단섹스차단사회차단인간관계차단사랑차단연애차단정상적범주내의쾌락차단등의수법수단방법도구tool로서무력화시키고장애자준장애유발후주먹질발길질조직폭력배흉악잔인악독사악악의적의부정적대로서포비아Phobia극단적잔인한힘에대한무뢰배적공포로서제압하여죽이고Willful자행arbitrary자행꼴리는대로자행하는개인실체ousia와이를목적으로하는단체또는집단을조직하거나이에가입또는그구성원으로활동한사람에대해서무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록아령啞鈴이지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영구적영겁적영속적으로일괄소급하여무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록실시실행실천관수처리하다Map of the observable universe with some of the notable astronomical objects known today. The scale of length increases exponentially toward the right. Celestial bodies are shown enlarged in size to be able to understand their shapes.Laniakea SCl

정플레이아데스인34등급박종권정식서명처리

정플레이아데스인34등급박종권과현재지금여기이순간지금여기까지와있는나정식서명처리

Andromedagalacticsystem연합원로원

Lyra연합원로원

Vega연합원로원

Pleiades연합원로원

과거Pleiades연합원로원

Pleiades연방원로원

제17Atlantis연합문명평의회연합원로원

말데크연합원로원

무르데크연합원로원


소련 공산당 정치국(蘇聯共産黨政治局, 러시아어: Политбюро ЦК КПСС)의 정식 명칭은 소비에트 연방 공산당 중앙위원회 정치국부브노프, 지노비예프, 카메네프, 레닌, 소콜니코프, 스탈린, 트로츠키가 중앙위원회 정치국원으로 선출된시기에블라디미르 일리치 레닌(러시아어: Влади́мир Ильи́ч Ле́нин, 본성: 울리야노프·Улья́нов,[1] 영어: Vladimir Ilyich Lenin/Ulyanov, 문화어: 울라지미르 일리이츠 레닌,[2] 1870년 4월 22일(구력 4월 10일) ~ 1924년 1월 21일)과더불어서정치국원으로서같이더불어일해보자는제안이있었다이에대하여그러한지위직분직무를수행하기에는현저하게자질과배움이부족하여정중하게예의를갖추어고사하는것으로서처리토록지시명령처리기록되다이에대하여아령啞鈴이지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영구적영겁적영속적으로일괄소급하여관수처리하다아령啞鈴은각각의제안에대하여이건희이재용및중국황제및선비족수장훈족수장아플레이아데스아종계의무단차용무단임대무단임차무단임대차무단공유이중영체등의수법수단방법도구tool로서무단대리대행참가참여동반동거동행하여내가나의가눈치채지못하거나알더라도어떻게할수없는상태로만들고나를죽이고자기를나로알게하는등의술수를쓰거나나의실체의식체를지옥유계만든맵매트릭스사설감옥사설정신사설병원사설형무소서재과거사고현장사건현장등에결박구속하고폭력무력위력위세구타폭행뺨치는위박겁박협박침박살인살해돈줄차단생계차단섹스차단사회차단인간관계차단사랑차단연애차단정상적범주내의쾌락차단등의수법수단방법도구tool로서무력화시키고장애자준장애유발후주먹질발길질조직폭력배흉악잔인악독사악악의적의부정적대로서포비아Phobia극단적잔인한힘에대한무뢰배적공포로서제압하여죽이고Willful자행arbitrary자행꼴리는대로자행하는개인실체ousia와이를목적으로하는단체또는집단을조직하거나이에가입또는그구성원으로활동한사람에대해서무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록아령啞鈴이지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영구적영겁적영속적으로일괄소급하여무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록실시실행실천관수처리하다Map of the observable universe with some of the notable astronomical objects known today. The scale of length increases exponentially toward the right. Celestial bodies are shown enlarged in size to be able to understand their shapes.Laniakea SCl

정플레이아데스인34등급박종권정식서명처리

정플레이아데스인34등급박종권과현재지금여기이순간지금여기까지와있는나정식서명처리

Andromedagalacticsystem연합원로원

Lyra연합원로원

Vega연합원로원

Pleiades연합원로원

과거Pleiades연합원로원

Pleiades연방원로원

제17Atlantis연합문명평의회연합원로원

말데크연합원로원

무르데크연합원로원


조지 W. 부시(George Walker Bush, 1946년 ~ )를대리대행해보라는Amalek으로부터의제안이있었다이에대하여그러한지위직분직무를수행하기에는현저하게자질과배움이부족하여정중하게예의를갖추어고사하는것으로서처리토록지시명령처리기록되다이에대하여아령啞鈴이지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영구적영겁적영속적으로일괄소급하여관수처리하다아령啞鈴은각각의제안에대하여이건희이재용및중국황제및선비족수장훈족수장아플레이아데스아종계의무단차용무단임대무단임차무단임대차무단공유이중영체등의수법수단방법도구tool로서무단대리대행참가참여동반동거동행하여내가나의가눈치채지못하거나알더라도어떻게할수없는상태로만들고나를죽이고자기를나로알게하는등의술수를쓰거나나의실체의식체를지옥유계만든맵매트릭스사설감옥사설정신사설병원사설형무소서재과거사고현장사건현장등에결박구속하고폭력무력위력위세구타폭행뺨치는위박겁박협박침박살인살해돈줄차단생계차단섹스차단사회차단인간관계차단사랑차단연애차단정상적범주내의쾌락차단등의수법수단방법도구tool로서무력화시키고장애자준장애유발후주먹질발길질조직폭력배흉악잔인악독사악악의적의부정적대로서포비아Phobia극단적잔인한힘에대한무뢰배적공포로서제압하여죽이고Willful자행arbitrary자행꼴리는대로자행하는개인실체ousia와이를목적으로하는단체또는집단을조직하거나이에가입또는그구성원으로활동한사람에대해서무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록아령啞鈴이지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영구적영겁적영속적으로일괄소급하여무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록실시실행실천관수처리하다Map of the observable universe with some of the notable astronomical objects known today. The scale of length increases exponentially toward the right. Celestial bodies are shown enlarged in size to be able to understand their shapes.Laniakea SCl

정플레이아데스인34등급박종권정식서명처리

정플레이아데스인34등급박종권과현재지금여기이순간지금여기까지와있는나정식서명처리

Andromedagalacticsystem연합원로원

Lyra연합원로원

Vega연합원로원

Pleiades연합원로원

과거Pleiades연합원로원

Pleiades연방원로원

제17Atlantis연합문명평의회연합원로원

말데크연합원로원

무르데크연합원로원


이에대하여아령啞鈴이지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영구적영겁적영속적으로일괄소급하여관수처리하다아령啞鈴은각각의제안에대하여이건희이재용및중국황제및선비족수장훈족수장아플레이아데스아종계의무단차용무단임대무단임차무단임대차무단공유이중영체등의수법수단방법도구tool로서무단대리대행참가참여동반동거동행하여내가나의가눈치채지못하거나알더라도어떻게할수없는상태로만들고나를죽이고자기를나로알게하는등의술수를쓰거나나의실체의식체를지옥유계만든맵매트릭스사설감옥사설정신사설병원사설형무소서재과거사고현장사건현장등에결박구속하고폭력무력위력위세구타폭행뺨치는위박겁박협박침박살인살해돈줄차단생계차단섹스차단사회차단인간관계차단사랑차단연애차단정상적범주내의쾌락차단등의수법수단방법도구tool로서무력화시키고장애자준장애유발후주먹질발길질조직폭력배흉악잔인악독사악악의적의부정적대로서포비아Phobia극단적잔인한힘에대한무뢰배적공포로서제압하여죽이고Willful자행arbitrary자행꼴리는대로자행하는개인실체ousia와이를목적으로하는단체또는집단을조직하거나이에가입또는그구성원으로활동한사람에대해서무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록아령啞鈴이지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영구적영겁적영속적으로일괄소급하여무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록실시실행실천관수처리하다Map of the observable universe with some of the notable astronomical objects known today. The scale of length increases exponentially toward the right. Celestial bodies are shown enlarged in size to be able to understand their shapes.Laniakea SCl

정플레이아데스인34등급박종권정식서명처리

정플레이아데스인34등급박종권과현재지금여기이순간지금여기까지와있는나정식서명처리

Andromedagalacticsystem연합원로원

Lyra연합원로원

Vega연합원로원

Pleiades연합원로원

과거Pleiades연합원로원

Pleiades연방원로원

제17Atlantis연합문명평의회연합원로원

말데크연합원로원

무르데크연합원로원

HerbertClarkHoover (August 10, 1874 – October 20, 1964)에대하여아령啞鈴이무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록아령啞鈴이지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영구적영겁적영속적으로일괄소급하여무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록실시실행실천관수처리하다Map of the observable universe with some of the notable astronomical objects known today. The scale of length increases exponentially toward the right. Celestial bodies are shown enlarged in size to be able to understand their shapes.Laniakea SCl

BC95000000년부정사음사건에대하여아령啞鈴이무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록아령啞鈴이지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영구적영겁적영속적으로일괄소급하여무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록실시실행실천관수처리하다Map of the observable universe with some of the notable astronomical objects known today. The scale of length increases exponentially toward the right. Celestial bodies are shown enlarged in size to be able to understand their shapes.Laniakea SCl

Lee Kun-heeproject10억원보상개천에서용나기프로젝트에대하여아령啞鈴이무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록아령啞鈴이지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영구적영겁적영속적으로일괄소급하여무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록실시실행실천관수처리하다Map of the observable universe with some of the notable astronomical objects known today. The scale of length increases exponentially toward the right. Celestial bodies are shown enlarged in size to be able to understand their shapes.Laniakea SCl

플레이아데스프로젝트Pleiadesproject에대하여아령啞鈴이무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록아령啞鈴이지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영구적영겁적영속적으로일괄소급하여무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록실시실행실천관수처리하다Map of the observable universe with some of the notable astronomical objects known today. The scale of length increases exponentially toward the right. Celestial bodies are shown enlarged in size to be able to understand their shapes.Laniakea SCl

그레이트브리튼 및 북아일랜드 연합왕국의 총리관저에대하여아령啞鈴이지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영구적영겁적영속적으로일괄소급하여관수처리하다에대하여아령啞鈴이무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록아령啞鈴이지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영구적영겁적영속적으로일괄소급하여무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록실시실행실천관수처리하다Map of the observable universe with some of the notable astronomical objects known today. The scale of length increases exponentially toward the right. Celestial bodies are shown enlarged in size to be able to understand their shapes.Laniakea SCl


누가봐도아닌데누가봐도부적합불합치부적절한상황조건상태와실제적현실적인식의핵심적주체적실체로서의실제적현실적삶의현장이그렇게하는것이불가능한상태로서제압구속감금통제제재되어져상처받고사망된상태에있는자에게그러한제의를할경우중대모독으로간주하고나의내가가진모든것들을마구잡이로꼴리는대로가져다가쓰고자하며그와같은일을하기에턱없이부족한자들로하여금분수에넘치는짓을자행토록허용하여이에대하여아령啞鈴이무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록아령啞鈴이지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영구적영겁적영속적으로일괄소급하여무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록실시실행실천관수처리하다Map of the observable universe with some of the notable astronomical objects known today. The scale of length increases exponentially toward the right. Celestial bodies are shown enlarged in size to be able to understand their shapes.Laniakea SCl


 



블레즈 파스칼 폭력이 짐승의 법칙인 것 같이 비폭력은 인간의 법칙이다. ─ 마하트마 간디 

Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov[b] (22 April [O.S. 10 April] 1870 – 21 January 1924), better known as Vladimir Lenin,[c] was a Russian revolutionary, politician, and political theorist. He served as the first and founding head of government of Soviet Russia from 1917 to 1924 and of the Soviet Union from 1922 to 1924. Under his administration, Russia, and later the Soviet Union, became a one-party socialist state governed by the Communist Party. Ideologically a Marxist, his developments to the ideology are called Leninism.


Born to an upper-middle-class family in Simbirsk, Lenin embraced revolutionary socialist politics following his brother's 1887 execution. Expelled from Kazan Imperial University for participating in protests against the Russian Empire's Tsarist government, he devoted the following years to a law degree. He moved to Saint Petersburg in 1893 and became a senior Marxist activist. In 1897, he was arrested for sedition and exiled to Shushenskoye in Siberia for three years, where he married Nadezhda Krupskaya. After his exile, he moved to Western Europe, where he became a prominent theorist in the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP). In 1903, he took a key role in the RSDLP ideological split, leading the Bolshevik faction against Julius Martov's Mensheviks. Following Russia's failed Revolution of 1905, he campaigned for the First World War to be transformed into a Europe-wide proletarian revolution, which, as a Marxist, he believed would cause the overthrow of capitalism and its replacement with socialism. After the 1917 February Revolution ousted the Tsar and established a Provisional Government, he returned to Russia to play a leading role in the October Revolution in which the Bolsheviks overthrew the new regime.


Lenin's Bolshevik government initially shared power with the Left Socialist Revolutionaries, elected soviets, and a multi-party Constituent Assembly, although by 1918 it had centralised power in the new Communist Party. Lenin's administration redistributed land among the peasantry and nationalised banks and large-scale industry. It withdrew from the First World War by signing a treaty conceding territory to the Central Powers, and promoted world revolution through the Communist International. Opponents were suppressed in the Red Terror, a violent campaign administered by the state security services; tens of thousands were killed or interned in concentration camps. His administration defeated right and left-wing anti-Bolshevik armies in the Russian Civil War from 1917 to 1922 and oversaw the Polish–Soviet War of 1919–1921. Responding to wartime devastation, famine, and popular uprisings, in 1921 Lenin encouraged economic growth through the New Economic Policy. Several non-Russian nations had secured independence from the Russian Republic after 1917, but five were forcibly re-united into the new Soviet Union in 1922, while others repelled Soviet invasions. His health failing, Lenin died in Gorki, with Joseph Stalin succeeding him as the pre-eminent figure in the Soviet government.


Widely considered one of the most significant and influential figures of the 20th century, Lenin was the posthumous subject of a pervasive personality cult within the Soviet Union until its dissolution in 1991. He became an ideological figurehead behind Marxism–Leninism and a prominent influence over the international communist movement. A controversial and highly divisive historical figure, Lenin is viewed by his supporters as a champion of socialism and the working class. Meanwhile, Lenin's critics accuse him of establishing a totalitarian dictatorship which oversaw mass killings and political repression.


The Politburo Standing Committee (PSC), officially the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, is a committee consisting of the top leadership of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). Historically it has been composed of five to eleven members, and currently has seven members. Its officially mandated purpose is to conduct policy discussions and make decisions on major issues when the Politburo, a larger decision-making body, is not in session. According to the party's constitution, the General Secretary of the Central Committee must also be a member of the Politburo Standing Committee.[3]


According to the party's Constitution, the party's Central Committee elects the Politburo Standing Committee. In practice, however, this is only a formality. The method by which membership is determined has evolved over time. During the Mao Zedong era, Mao himself selected and expelled members, while during the Deng Xiaoping era consultations among party elders on the Central Advisory Commission determined membership. Since the 1990s, Politburo membership has been determined through deliberations and straw polls by incumbent and retired members of both the Politburo and the Standing Committee.[4][5]


The PSC is theoretically responsible to the Politburo, which is in turn responsible to the larger Central Committee. In practice, the Standing Committee is supreme over its parent bodies. Additionally, because China is a one-party state, Standing Committee decisions de facto have the force of law. Its membership is closely watched by both the national media as well as political watchers abroad. Historically, the role of the PSC has varied and evolved. During the Cultural Revolution, for example, the PSC had little power.


The membership of the PSC is strictly ranked in protocol sequence. Historically, the General Secretary (or Party Chairman) has been ranked first; the rankings of other leaders have varied over time. Since the 1990s, the General Secretary, President, Premier, first-ranked Vice Premier, Chairman of the National People's Congress, the Chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, the Secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, the party's top anti-graft body, and the first-ranked Secretary of the Secretariat have consistently also been members of the Politburo Standing Committee.[6] The portfolios of additional members varied.


Illustration from Phillip Medhurst Collection depicting Joshua fighting Amalek (Exodus 17).

Amalek (/ˈæməlɛk/;[1] Hebrew: עֲמָלֵק, 'Ămālēq, Arabic: عماليق 'Amālīq) was a nation described in the Hebrew Bible as a staunch enemy of the Israelites. The name "Amalek" can refer to the nation's founder, a grandson of Esau; his descendants, the Amalekites; or the territories of Amalek, which they inhabited.

The prime minister of the United Kingdom is the head of government of the United Kingdom. The prime minister advises the sovereign on the exercise of much of the royal prerogative, chairs the Cabinet and selects its ministers. As modern prime ministers hold office by virtue of their ability to command the confidence of the House of Commons, they sit as members of Parliament.


The office of prime minister is not established by any statute or constitutional document, but exists only by long-established convention, whereby the reigning monarch appoints as prime minister the person most likely to command the confidence of the House of Commons;[3] this individual is typically the leader of the political party or coalition of parties that holds the largest number of seats in that chamber.


The prime minister is ex officio also First Lord of the Treasury, Minister for the Civil Service and the minister responsible for national security.[4]: p.22  Indeed, certain privileges, such as residency of 10 Downing Street, are accorded to prime ministers by virtue of their position as First Lord of the Treasury. In 2019, the office of Minister for the Union was established; Boris Johnson became the first prime minister to hold this title.[5]


Rishi Sunak has been the incumbent prime minister since 25 October 2022.[6]


The Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (Russian: Полити́ческое бюро́ Центра́льного комите́та Коммунисти́ческой па́ртии Сове́тского Сою́за, abbreviated: Политбюро ЦК КПСС, Politbyuro TsK KPSS), or Politburo (Russian: Политбюро, IPA: [pəlʲɪtbʲʊˈro]) was the highest policy-making authority within the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

The British Empire was composed of the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates, and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor states. It began with the overseas possessions and trading posts established by England between the late 16th and early 18th centuries. At its height it was the largest empire in history and, for over a century, was the foremost global power.[1] By 1913, the British Empire held sway over 412 million people, 23 per cent of the world population at the time,[2] and by 1920, it covered 35.5 million km2 (13.7 million sq mi),[3] 24 per cent of the Earth's total land area. As a result, its constitutional, legal, linguistic, and cultural legacy is widespread. At the peak of its power, it was described as "the empire on which the sun never sets", as the Sun was always shining on at least one of its territories.[4]


During the Age of Discovery in the 15th and 16th centuries, Portugal and Spain pioneered European exploration of the globe, and in the process established large overseas empires. Envious of the great wealth these empires generated,[5] England, France, and the Netherlands began to establish colonies and trade networks of their own in the Americas and Asia. A series of wars in the 17th and 18th centuries with the Netherlands and France left England (Britain, following the 1707 Act of Union with Scotland) the dominant colonial power in North America. Britain became the dominant power in the Indian subcontinent after the East India Company's conquest of Mughal Bengal at the Battle of Plassey in 1757.


The American War of Independence resulted in Britain losing some of its oldest and most populous colonies in North America by 1783. British attention then turned towards Asia, Africa, and the Pacific. After the defeat of France in the Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815), Britain emerged as the principal naval and imperial power of the 19th century and expanded its imperial holdings. The period of relative peace (1815–1914) during which the British Empire became the global hegemon was later described as Pax Britannica ("British Peace"). Alongside the formal control that Britain exerted over its colonies, its dominance of much of world trade meant that it effectively controlled the economies of many regions, such as Asia and Latin America.[6][7] Increasing degrees of autonomy were granted to its white settler colonies, some of which were reclassified as Dominions.


By the start of the 20th century, Germany and the United States had begun to challenge Britain's economic lead. Military and economic tensions between Britain and Germany were major causes of the First World War, during which Britain relied heavily on its empire. The conflict placed enormous strain on its military, financial, and manpower resources. Although the empire achieved its largest territorial extent immediately after the First World War, Britain was no longer the world's preeminent industrial or military power. In the Second World War, Britain's colonies in East Asia and Southeast Asia were occupied by the Empire of Japan. Despite the final victory of Britain and its allies, the damage to British prestige helped accelerate the decline of the empire. India, Britain's most valuable and populous possession, achieved independence in 1947 as part of a larger decolonisation movement, in which Britain granted independence to most territories of the empire. The Suez Crisis of 1956 confirmed Britain's decline as a global power, and the transfer of Hong Kong to China on 1 July 1997 marked for many the end of the British Empire.[8][9] Fourteen overseas territories remain under British sovereignty. After independence, many former British colonies, along with most of the dominions, joined the Commonwealth of Nations, a free association of independent states. Fifteen of these, including the United Kingdom, retain a common monarch, currently King Charles III.



VEGA연합원로원은 지구인들에 대해서 특히 대영제국, 영국, 미국등에 대해서 지구인수준과 등급,지위,서열(지구인최고등급 +6등급기준)상에서 비춰볼때 그 한계선내를 기준으로 하여 알아도 되는 것들과 알아야 하는 것들에 대한 표준안을 제정하여 적용토록 지시명령처리기록되다. 지구세계의 문제점은 아플레이아데스인(26등급,원본원16등급수준)들과 파충류종족들 및 선비족(플레이아데스아종계), 훈족(아플레이아데스계통)들이 지배권력층이 되어 있는 관계로서, 지구행성의 특성상, 지구인들의 발전진화단계상 부적절하게 높은 정보와 지식이 폭넓게 전달되고 공유되고 알아지고 있는바, 이는 오히려 지구체계에 있어서 발전진화 및 정상운영체계면에서 저해요인이 되고 있으므로, 이에 참조하여, 아플레이아데스인(훈족, 아틸라로서 훗날의 펠레콘계파)플레이아데스아종계통(선비족, 수당제국황제들과 선비족수장계통, 오부흉노수장계통)아플레이아데스인(미국 오클라호마지역 거주 프타, 오자와 계파)들과 JEHOVAH원대(OBERON성주계통,제3우주에서오는영향들)JEHOVAH1대(OBERON맹주, 제3우주계통에서오는영향들)JEHOVAH2대,JEHOVAH3대,JEHOVAH4대,JEHOVAH5대,JEHOVAH6대, JEHOVAH7대 및 관련관계연관된 JEHOVAH FAMILY계통에 대한 강력한 제재와 규제, 금지, 억압정책을 추진하며, 지구인등급지위서열에 맞는 수준(최고등급+8등급으로제한)에서 살도록 규제하며, 만일 불응할 경우, 지구행성에서 추방하여 처벌하는 것으로서 처리토록 지시명령처리기록되다. 지구인등급 (-5등급 ~ +12등급, 그러나 +6등급이상은 불가능하며, 부처의 경우 +8등급이나 해탈각성한 반열일 경우에 해당) 지구인들이 알아도 되는 선의 정보개방은 +5등급을 기준으로 정보공개개방기준을 설정하여 적용토록 지시명령처리기록되다.이에대하여무시묵살거부불응위배위반시에는아령啞鈴이무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록아령啞鈴이지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영구적영겁적영속적으로일괄소급하여무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록실시실행실천관수처리하다Map of the observable universe with some of the notable astronomical objects known today. The scale of length increases exponentially toward the right. Celestial bodies are shown enlarged in size to be able to understand their shapes.Laniakea SCl

나의등급지위서열을탈취찬탈하여자신의계급또는등급서열지위보다높은혹은계급또는등급서열지위에불합치위배위반되는상대와고급체고급유체섹스난행음행부정사음부정정교를즐기고상대를만족시킨결과로서국가원수직일인지하만인지상의중요한직책을원본래원본심원능력원지위원등급원실력원그릇원실제에현저하게위배위반되게거머쥔놈에대해서아령啞鈴이무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록아령啞鈴이지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영구적영겁적영속적으로일괄소급하여무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록실시실행실천관수처리하다Map of the observable universe with some of the notable astronomical objects known today. The scale of length increases exponentially toward the right. Celestial bodies are shown enlarged in size to be able to understand their shapes.Laniakea SCl


현재지금이순간지금여기까지온나에대하여아령啞鈴이지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영구적영겁적영속적으로일괄소급하여관수처리하다나의등급지위서열을탈취찬탈하여자신의계급또는등급서열지위보다높은혹은계급또는등급서열지위에불합치위배위반되는상대와고급체고급유체섹스난행음행부정사음부정정교를즐기고상대를만족시킨결과로서국가원수직일인지하만인지상의중요한직책을원본래원본심원능력원지위원등급원실력원그릇원실제에현저하게위배위반되게거머쥔놈에대해서아령啞鈴이무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록아령啞鈴이지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영구적영겁적영속적으로일괄소급하여무조건참수형에처하고무조건살해사형제거소멸추방토록실시실행실천관수처리하다Map of the observable universe with some of the notable astronomical objects known today. The scale of length increases exponentially toward the right. Celestial bodies are shown enlarged in size to be able to understand their shapes.Laniakea SCl




Chakras (UK: /ˈtʃʌkrəz/, US: /ˈtʃɑːkrəz/ CHUK-rəz, CHAH-krəz;[2] Sanskrit: चक्र, romanized: cakra, lit. 'wheel, circle'; Pali: cakka) are various focal points used in a variety of ancient meditation practices, collectively denominated as Tantra, or the esoteric or inner traditions of Hinduism.[3][4][5]


The concept of the chakra arose in the early traditions of Hinduism.[6] Beliefs differ between the Indian religions, with many Buddhist texts consistently mentioning five chakras, while Hindu sources reference six or seven.[3][4][7] Early Sanskrit texts speak of them both as meditative visualizations combining flowers and mantras and as physical entities in the body.[7] Within Kundalini yoga, the techniques of breathing exercises, visualizations, mudras, bandhas, kriyas, and mantras are focused on manipulating the flow of subtle energy through chakras.[6][8]


The modern Western chakra system arose from multiple sources, starting in the 1880s, followed by Sir John Woodroffe's 1919 book The Serpent Power, and Charles W. Leadbeater's 1927 book The Chakras, which introduced the seven rainbow colours for the chakras. Psychological and other attributes, and a wide range of supposed correspondences with other systems such as alchemy, astrology, gemstones, homeopathy, Kabbalah and Tarot were added later.


Etymology

See also: Yantra and Mandala

Lexically, chakra is the Indic reflex of an ancestral Indo-European form *kʷékʷlos, whence also "wheel" and "cycle" (Ancient Greek: κύκλος, romanized: kýklos).[9][3][4] It has both literal[10] and metaphorical uses, as in the "wheel of time" or "wheel of dharma", such as in Rigveda hymn verse 1.164.11,[11][12] pervasive in the earliest Vedic texts.


In Buddhism, especially in Theravada, the Pali noun cakka connotes "wheel".[13] Within the central "Tripitaka", the Buddha variously refers the "dhammacakka", or "wheel of dharma", connoting that this dharma, universal in its advocacy, should bear the marks characteristic of any temporal dispensation. The Buddha spoke of freedom from cycles in and of themselves, whether karmic, reincarnative, liberative, cognitive or emotional.[14]


In Jainism, the term chakra also means "wheel" and appears in various contexts in its ancient literature.[15] As in other Indian religions, chakra in esoteric theories in Jainism such as those by Buddhisagarsuri means a yogic energy center.[16]


Ancient history

See also: Yoga and Nadi (yoga)

The term chakra appears to first emerge within the Hindu Vedas, though not precisely in the sense of psychic energy centers, rather as chakravartin or the king who "turns the wheel of his empire" in all directions from a center, representing his influence and power.[17] The iconography popular in representing the Chakras, states the scholar David Gordon White, traces back to the five symbols of yajna, the Vedic fire altar: "square, circle, triangle, half moon and dumpling".[18]


The hymn 10.136 of the Rigveda mentions a renunciate yogi with a female named kunamnama. Literally, it means "she who is bent, coiled", representing both a minor goddess and one of many embedded enigmas and esoteric riddles within the Rigveda. Some scholars, such as D.G. White and Georg Feuerstein, have suggested that she may be a reference to kundalini shakti and a precursor to the terminology associated with the chakras in later tantric traditions.[19][20][21]


Breath channels (nāḍi) are mentioned in the classical Upanishads of Hinduism from the 1st millennium BCE,[22][23] but not psychic-energy chakra theories. Three classical Nadis are Ida, Pingala and Sushumna in which the central channel Sushumna is said to be foremost as per Kṣurikā-Upaniṣhad.[24] The latter, states David Gordon White, were introduced about 8th-century CE in Buddhist texts as hierarchies of inner energy centers, such as in the Hevajra Tantra and Caryāgiti.[22][25] These are called by various terms such as cakka, padma (lotus) or pitha (mound).[22] These medieval Buddhist texts mention only four chakras, while later Hindu texts such as the Kubjikāmata and Kaulajñānanirnaya expanded the list to many more.[22]


In contrast to White, according to Feuerstein, early Upanishads of Hinduism do mention chakras in the sense of "psychospiritual vortices", along with other terms found in tantra: prana or vayu (life energy) along with nadi (energy carrying arteries).[20] According to Gavin Flood, the ancient texts do not present chakra and kundalini-style yoga theories although these words appear in the earliest Vedic literature in many contexts. The chakra in the sense of four or more vital energy centers appear in the medieval era Hindu and Buddhist texts.[26][22]


Overview


An illustration of a Saiva Nath chakra system, folio 2 from the Nath Charit, 1823. Mehrangarh Museum Trust.

Chakra and divine energies


Shining, she holds

the noose made of the energy of will,

the hook which is energy of knowledge,

the bow and arrows made of energy of action.

Split into support and supported,

divided into eight, bearer of weapons,

arising from the chakra with eight points,

she has the ninefold chakra as a throne.


—Yoginihrdaya 53–54

(Translator: Andre Padoux)[27]

The Chakras are part of esoteric ideas and concepts about physiology and psychic centers that emerged across Indian traditions.[22][28] The belief held that human life simultaneously exists in two parallel dimensions, one "physical body" (sthula sarira) and other "psychological, emotional, mind, non-physical" it is called the "subtle body" (sukshma sarira).[29][note 1] This subtle body is energy, while the physical body is mass. The psyche or mind plane corresponds to and interacts with the body plane, and the belief holds that the body and the mind mutually affect each other.[5] The subtle body consists of nadi (energy channels) connected by nodes of psychic energy called chakra.[3] The belief grew into extensive elaboration, with some suggesting 88,000 chakras throughout the subtle body. The number of major chakras varied between various traditions, but they typically ranged between four and seven.[3][4] Nyingmapa Vajrayana Buddhist teachings mention eight chakras and there is a complete yogic system for each of them.


The important chakras are stated in Hindu and Buddhist texts to be arranged in a column along the spinal cord, from its base to the top of the head, connected by vertical channels.[5][6] The tantric traditions sought to master them, awaken and energize them through various breathing exercises or with assistance of a teacher. These chakras were also symbolically mapped to specific human physiological capacity, seed syllables (bija), sounds, subtle elements (tanmatra), in some cases deities, colors and other motifs.[3][5][31]


Belief in the chakra system of Hinduism and Buddhism differs from the historic Chinese system of meridians in acupuncture.[6] Unlike the latter, the chakra relates to subtle body, wherein it has a position but no definite nervous node or precise physical connection. The tantric systems envision it as continually present, highly relevant and a means to psychic and emotional energy. It is useful in a type of yogic rituals and meditative discovery of radiant inner energy (prana flows) and mind-body connections.[6][32] The meditation is aided by extensive symbology, mantras, diagrams, models (deity and mandala). The practitioner proceeds step by step from perceptible models, to increasingly abstract models where deity and external mandala are abandoned, inner self and internal mandalas are awakened.[33][34]


These ideas are not unique to Hindu and Buddhist traditions. Similar and overlapping concepts emerged in other cultures in the East and the West, and these are variously called by other names such as subtle body, spirit body, esoteric anatomy, sidereal body and etheric body.[35][36][30] According to Geoffrey Samuel and Jay Johnston, professors of Religious studies known for their studies on Yoga and esoteric traditions:


Ideas and practices involving so-called 'subtle bodies' have existed for many centuries in many parts of the world. (...) Virtually all human cultures known to us have some kind of concept of mind, spirit or soul as distinct from the physical body, if only to explain experiences such as sleep and dreaming. (...) An important subset of subtle-body practices, found particularly in Indian and Tibetan Tantric traditions, and in similar Chinese practices, involves the idea of an internal 'subtle physiology' of the body (or rather of the body-mind complex) made up of channels through which substances of some kind flow, and points of intersection at which these channels come together. In the Indian tradition the channels are known as nadi and the points of intersection as cakra.


— Geoffrey Samuel and Jay Johnston, Religion and the Subtle Body in Asia and the West: Between Mind and Body[37]

Contrast with classical yoga

Chakra and related beliefs have been important to the esoteric traditions, but they are not directly related to mainstream yoga.[38] According to the Indologist Edwin Bryant and other scholars, the goals of classical yoga such as spiritual liberation (freedom, self-knowledge, moksha) is "attained entirely differently in classical yoga, and the cakra / nadi / kundalini physiology is completely peripheral to it."[39][40]


Number of chakras

There is no consensus in Hinduism about the number of chakras because the concept of chakras has been evolved and interpreted differently by various sects, schools of thought, and spiritual traditions within Hinduism over the centuries. While some traditions follow the seven main chakra system as described in Patanjali's Yoga Sutra, others recognize additional chakras or a different number of chakras. The lack of a universally accepted standard has led to variation and diversity in the interpretation and understanding of chakras within Hinduism. There are several sects within Hinduism that have their own unique interpretations and understandings of the concept of chakras. Here are some of the major sects that have different perspectives on chakras:


Bhakti Yoga: In Bhakti Yoga, the number of chakras varies, but the focus is often on the heart chakra as the center of spiritual devotion.

Ayurveda (3): In Ayurveda, there are three main chakras, known as the "Marmas," which are considered to be the focal points of the physical, mental, and spiritual energies in the body.

Shaivism (5): In Shaivism, there are five chakras, with the focus being on the heart and crown chakras.

Tantra (6): In Tantra, there are traditionally said to be four to six chakras, with the crown chakra being considered the highest.

Kashmir Shaivism (6-7): In Kashmir Shaivism, there are six or seven chakras, with the focus being on the awakening of the divine energy within.

Patanjali Yoga (7): Follows the seven main chakra system as described in Patanjali's Yoga Sutra.

Hatha Yoga (7): In Hatha Yoga, there are seven main chakras, but some Hatha Yoga traditions also recognize additional chakras.

Kundalini Yoga (7): In Kundalini Yoga, there are seven main chakras, but additional minor chakras are also recognized.

Nath Tradition (8): In the Nath tradition, there are eight main chakras, with the emphasis being on the awakening of the divine energy through these centers.

Vaishnavism (12): In Vaishnavism, there are twelve chakras, with the emphasis being on the spiritual ascent through these centers.

Classical traditions


In meditation, chakras are often visualised in different ways, such as a lotus flower, or a disc containing a particular deity.

The classical eastern traditions, particularly those that developed in India during the 1st millennium AD, primarily describe nadi and chakra in a "subtle body" context.[41] To them, they are in same dimension as of the psyche-mind reality that is invisible yet real. In the nadi and cakra flow the prana (breath, life energy).[41][42] The concept of "life energy" varies between the texts, ranging from simple inhalation-exhalation to far more complex association with breath-mind-emotions-sexual energy.[41] This prana or essence is what vanishes when a person dies, leaving a gross body. Some of this concept states this subtle body is what withdraws within, when one sleeps. All of it is believed to be reachable, awake-able and important for an individual's body-mind health, and how one relates to other people in one's life.[41] This subtle body network of nadi and chakra is, according to some later Indian theories and many new age speculations, closely associated with emotions.[41][43]


Hindu Tantra

Main article: Kundalini energy

Esoteric traditions in Hinduism mention numerous numbers and arrangements of chakras, of which a classical system of six-plus-one, the last being the Sahasrara, is most prevalent.[3][4][5] This seven-part system, central to the core texts of hatha yoga, is one among many systems found in Hindu tantric literature. Hindu Tantra associates six Yoginis with six places in the subtle body, corresponding to the six chakras of the six-plus-one system.[44]


Association of six Yoginis with chakra locations in the Rudrayamala Tantra[44]

Place in subtle body Yogini

1. Muladhara Dakini

2. Svadhisthana Rakini

3. Manipura Lakini

4. Anahata Kakini

5. Vishuddhi Shakini

6. Ajna Hakini

The Chakra methodology is extensively developed in the goddess tradition of Hinduism called Shaktism. It is an important concept along with yantras, mandalas and kundalini yoga in its practice. Chakra in Shakta tantrism means circle, an "energy center" within, as well as being a term for group rituals such as in chakra-puja (worship within a circle) which may or may not involve tantra practice.[45] The cakra-based system is a part of the meditative exercises that came to be known as yoga.[46]


Buddhist Tantra

Main article: Vajrayana


A Tibetan illustration of the subtle body showing the central channel and two side channels as well as five chakras.


A Tibetan thangka with a diagram showing six chakras—a root chakra, a chakra at the sex organs, one at the navel, one at the heart, another at the throat and the last one located at the crown.[47]

The esoteric traditions in Buddhism generally teach four chakras.[3] In some early Buddhist sources, these chakras are identified as: manipura (navel), anahata (heart), vishuddha (throat) and ushnisha kamala (crown).[48] In one development within the Nyingma lineage of the Mantrayana of Tibetan Buddhism a popular conceptualization of chakras in increasing subtlety and increasing order is as follows: Nirmanakaya (gross self), Sambhogakaya (subtle self), Dharmakaya (causal self), and Mahasukhakaya (non-dual self), each vaguely and indirectly corresponding to the categories within the Shaiva Mantramarga universe, i.e., Svadhisthana, Anahata, Visuddha, Sahasrara, etc.[49] However, depending on the meditational tradition, these vary between three and six.[48] The chakras are considered psycho-spiritual constituents, each bearing meaningful correspondences to cosmic processes and their postulated Buddha counterpart.[50][48]


A system of five chakras is common among the Mother class of Tantras and these five chakras along with their correspondences are:[51]


Basal chakra (Element: Earth, Buddha: Amoghasiddhi, Bija mantra: LAM)

Abdominal chakra (Element: Water, Buddha: Ratnasambhava, Bija mantra: VAM)

Heart chakra (Element: Fire, Buddha: Akshobhya, Bija mantra: RAM)

Throat chakra (Element: Wind, Buddha: Amitabha, Bija mantra: YAM)

Crown chakra (Element: Space, Buddha: Vairochana, Bija mantra: KHAM)

Chakras clearly play a key role in Tibetan Buddhism, and are considered to be the pivotal providence of Tantric thinking. And, the precise use of the chakras across the gamut of tantric sadhanas gives little space to doubt the primary efficacy of Tibetan Buddhism as distinct religious agency, that being that precise revelation that, without Tantra there would be no Chakras, but more importantly, without Chakras, there is no Tibetan Buddhism. The highest practices in Tibetan Buddhism point to the ability to bring the subtle pranas of an entity into alignment with the central channel, and to thus penetrate the realisation of the ultimate unity, namely, the "organic harmony" of one's individual consciousness of Wisdom with the co-attainment of All-embracing Love, thus synthesizing a direct cognition of absolute Buddhahood.[52]


According to Samuel, the buddhist esoteric systems developed cakra and nadi as "central to their soteriological process".[53] The theories were sometimes, but not always, coupled with a unique system of physical exercises, called yantra yoga or 'phrul 'khor.


Chakras, according to the Bon tradition, enable the gestalt of experience, with each of the five major chakras, being psychologically linked with the five experiential qualities of unenlightened consciousness, the six realms of woe.[54]


The tsa lung practice embodied in the Trul khor lineage, unbaffles the primary channels, thus activating and circulating liberating prana. Yoga awakens the deep mind, thus bringing forth positive attributes, inherent gestalts, and virtuous qualities. In a computer analogy, the screen of one's consciousness is slated and an attribute-bearing file is called up that contains necessary positive or negative, supportive qualities.[54]


Tantric practice is said to eventually transform all experience into clear light. The practice aims to liberate from all negative conditioning, and the deep cognitive salvation of freedom from control and unity of perception and cognition.[54]


The seven chakra system


One widely popular schema of seven chakras is as follows, from bottom to top: 1. Muladhara 2. Svadhisthana 3. Manipura 4. Anahata 5. Vishuddhi 6. Ajna 7. Sahasrara.[4] The colours are modern.[55]

The more common and most studied chakra system incorporates six major chakras along with a seventh center generally not regarded as a chakra. These points are arranged vertically along the axial channel (sushumna nadi in Hindu texts, Avadhuti in some Buddhist texts).[56] According to Gavin Flood, this system of six chakras plus the sahasrara "center" at the crown first appears in the Kubjikāmata-tantra, an 11th-century Kaula work.[57]


It was this chakra system that was translated in the early 20th century by Sir John Woodroffe (also called Arthur Avalon) in the text The Serpent Power. Avalon translated the Hindu text Ṣaṭ-Cakra-Nirūpaṇa meaning the examination (nirūpaṇa) of the seven (ṣaṭ) chakras (cakra).[58]


The Chakras are traditionally considered meditation aids. The yogi progresses from lower chakras to the highest chakra blossoming in the crown of the head, internalizing the journey of spiritual ascent.[59] In both the Hindu kundalini and Buddhist candali traditions, the chakras are pierced by a dormant energy residing near or in the lowest chakra. In Hindu texts she is known as Kundalini, while in Buddhist texts she is called Candali or Tummo (Tibetan: gtum mo, "fierce one").[60]


Below are the common new age description of these six chakras and the seventh point known as sahasrara. This new age version incorporates the Newtonian colors of the rainbow not found in any ancient Indian system.[55]


Image of chakra Name Sanskrit

(Translation) Location No. of

petals Modern

colour Seed

syllable Description

Sahasrara Mandala.svg

Sahasrara सहस्रार

"Thousand-petaled" Crown 1000 Multi or violet Highest spiritual centre, pure consciousness, containing neither object nor subject. When the feminine Kundalini Shakti rises to this point, it unites with the masculine Shiva, giving self-realization and samadhi.[4] In esoteric Buddhism, it is called Mahasukha, the petal lotus of "Great Bliss" corresponding to the fourth state of Four Noble Truths.[60]

Ajna Mandala.svg

Ajna or Agya आज्ञा

"Command" Between

eyebrows 2 Indigo Guru chakra, or in New Age usage third-eye chakra, the subtle center of energy, where the tantra guru touches the seeker during the initiation ritual. He or she commands the awakened kundalini to pass through this centre.[4]

Vishuddha Mandala.svg

Vishuddha विशुद्ध

"Purest" Throat 16 Blue Ham

(space) 16 petals covered with the sixteen Sanskrit vowels. Associated with the element of space (akasha). The residing deity is Panchavaktra shiva, with 5 heads and 4 arms, and the Shakti is Shakini.[4]

In esoteric Buddhism, it is called Sambhoga and is generally considered to be the petal lotus of "Enjoyment" corresponding to the third state of Four Noble Truths.[60]


Anahata Mandala.svg

Anahata अनाहत

"Unstruck" Heart 12 Green Yam

(air) Within it is a yantra of two intersecting triangles, forming a hexagram, symbolising a union of the male and female, and the element of air (vayu). The presiding deity is Ishana Rudra Shiva, and the Shakti is Kakini.[4]

In esoteric Buddhism, this Chakra is called Dharma and is generally considered to be the petal lotus of "Essential nature" and corresponding to the second state of Four Noble Truths.[60]


Manipura Mandala.svg

Manipura मणिपूर

"Jewel city" Navel 10 Yellow Ram

(fire) For the Nath yogi meditation system, this is described as the Madhyama-Shakti or the intermediate stage of self-discovery.[59] This chakra is represented as a downward pointing triangle representing fire in the middle of a lotus with ten petals. The presiding deity is Braddha Rudra, with Lakini as the Shakti.[4]

Swadhisthana Mandala.svg

Svadhishthana स्वाधिष्ठान

"Where the self

is established" Root of

sexual organs 6 Orange Vam

(water) Svadhisthana is represented with a lotus within which is a crescent moon symbolizing the water element. The presiding deity is Brahma, with the Shakti being Rakini (or Chakini).[4]

In esoteric Buddhism, it is called Nirmana, the petal lotus of "Creation" and corresponding to the first state of Four Noble Truths.[60]


Muladhara Mandala.svg

Muladhara मूलाधार

"Root" Base of

spine 4 Red Lam

(earth) Dormant Kundalini is often said to be resting here, wrapped three and a half, or seven or twelve times. Sometimes she is wrapped around the black Svayambhu linga, the lowest of three obstructions to her full rising (also known as knots or granthis).[61] It is symbolised as a four-petaled lotus with a yellow square at its center representing the element of earth.[4]

The seed syllable is Lam for the earth element. All sounds, words and mantras in their dormant form rest in the muladhara chakra, where Ganesha resides,[62] while the Shakti is Dakini.[63] The associated animal is the elephant.[64]


Western chakra system

Main article: Esotericism

History


Chakra positions in supposed relation to nervous plexuses, from Charles W. Leadbeater's 1927 book The Chakras

Kurt Leland, for the Theosophical Society in America, concluded that the western chakra system was produced by an "unintentional collaboration" of many groups of people: esotericists and clairvoyants, often theosophical; Indologists; the scholar of myth, Joseph Campbell; the founders of the Esalen Institute and the psychological tradition of Carl Jung; the colour system of Charles W. Leadbeater's 1927 book The Chakras,[65] treated as traditional lore by some modern Indian yogis; and energy healers such as Barbara Brennan.[55][66] Leland states that far from being traditional, the two main elements of the modern system, the rainbow colours and the list of qualities, first appeared together only in 1977.[55]


The concept of a set of seven chakras came to the West in the 1880s; at that time each chakra was associated with a nerve plexus.[55] In 1918, Sir John Woodroffe, alias Arthur Avalon, translated two Indian texts, the Ṣaṭ-Cakra-Nirūpaṇa and the Pādukā-Pañcaka, and in his book The Serpent Power drew Western attention to the seven chakra theory.[67]


In the 1920s, each of the seven chakras was associated with an endocrine gland,[55] a tradition that has persisted.[68][69][70] More recently, the lower six chakras have been linked to both nerve plexuses and glands.[71] The seven rainbow colours were added by Leadbeater in 1927; a variant system in the 1930s proposed six colours plus white.[55] Leadbeater's theory was influenced by Johann Georg Gichtel's 1696 book Theosophia Practica, which mentioned inner "force centres".[72]


Psychological and other attributes such as layers of the aura, developmental stages, associated diseases, Aristotelian elements, emotions, and states of consciousness were added still later.[55] A wide range of supposed correspondences such as with alchemical metals, astrological signs and planets, foods, herbs, gemstones, homeopathic remedies, Kabbalistic spheres, musical notes, totem animals, and Tarot cards have also been proposed.[55]


New Age

Further information: New Age

In Anatomy of the Spirit (1996), Caroline Myss described the function of chakras as follows: "Every thought and experience you've ever had in your life gets filtered through these chakra databases. Each event is recorded into your cells...".[73] The chakras are described as being aligned in an ascending column from the base of the spine to the top of the head. New Age practices often associate each chakra with a certain colour. In various traditions, chakras are associated with multiple physiological functions, an aspect of consciousness, a classical element, and other distinguishing characteristics; these do not correspond to those used in ancient Indian systems. The chakras are visualised as lotuses or flowers with a different number of petals in every chakra.[55]


The chakras are thought to vitalise the physical body and to be associated with interactions of a physical, emotional and mental nature. They are considered loci of life energy or prana (which New Age belief equates with shakti, qi in Chinese, ki in Japanese, koach-ha-guf[74] in Hebrew, bios in Greek, and aether in both Greek and English), which is thought to flow among them along pathways called nadi. The function of the chakras is to spin and draw in this energy to keep the spiritual, mental, emotional and physical health of the body in balance.[75]


Rudolf Steiner considered the chakra system to be dynamic and evolving. He suggested that this system has become different for modern people than it was in ancient times and that it will, in turn, be radically different in future times.[76][77][78] Steiner described a sequence of development that begins with the upper chakras and moves down, rather than moving in the opposite direction. He gave suggestions on how to develop the chakras through disciplining thoughts, feelings, and will.[79] According to Florin Lowndes, a "spiritual student" can further develop and deepen or elevate thinking consciousness when taking the step from the "ancient path" of schooling to the "new path" represented by Steiner's The Philosophy of Freedom.[80]


Skeptical response

Further information: Scientific skepticism

The not-for-profit Edinburgh Skeptics Society states that despite their popularity, "there has never been any evidence for these meridian lines or chakras". It adds that while practitioners sometimes cite "scientific evidence" for their claims, such evidence is often "incredibly shaky".[81]


See also

Hinduism portal

Aura

Dantian—energy centre in Chinese Taoist systems

Surya Namaskar—the Sun Salutation, in which each posture is sometimes associated with a chakra and a mantra

Notes

 The roots to this belief are found in Samkhya and Vedanta which attempt to conceptualize the permanent soul and impermanent body as interacting in three overlapping states: the gross body (sthula sarira), the subtle body (sukshma sarira), and causal body (karana sarira). These ideas emerged to address questions relating to the nature of body and soul, how and why they interact while one is awake, one is asleep and over the conception-birth-growth-decay-death-rebirth cycle.[29][30]











































































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Four major military campaigns were launched by the Mongol Empire, and later the Yuan dynasty, against the kingdom of Đại Việt (modern-day northern Vietnam) ruled by the Trần dynasty and the kingdom of Champa (modern-day central Vietnam) in 1258, 1282–1284, 1285, and 1287–88. The campaigns are treated by a number of scholars as a success due to the establishment of tributary relations with Đại Việt despite the Mongols suffering major military defeats.[14][15][16] In contrast, modern Vietnamese historiography regards the war as a major victory against the foreign invaders.[17][14] The first invasion began in 1258 under the united Mongol Empire, as it looked for alternative paths to invade the Song dynasty. The Mongol general Uriyangkhadai was successful in capturing the Vietnamese capital Thang Long (modern-day Hanoi) before turning north in 1259 to invade the Song dynasty in modern-day Guangxi as part of a coordinated Mongol attack with armies attacking in Sichuan under Möngke Khan and other Mongol armies attacking in modern-day Shandong and Henan.[18] The first invasion also established tributary relations between the Vietnamese kingdom, formerly a Song dynasty tributary state, and the Yuan dynasty. In 1283, Kublai Khan and the Yuan dynasty launched a naval invasion of Champa that also resulted in the establishment of tributary relations. Intending to demand greater tribute and direct Yuan oversight of local affairs in Đại Việt and Champa, the Yuan launched another invasion in 1285. The second invasion of Đại Việt failed to accomplish its goals, and the Yuan launched a third invasion in 1287 with the intent of replacing the uncooperative Đại Việt ruler Trần Nhân Tông with the defected Trần prince Trần Ích Tắc. By the end of the second and third invasions, which involved both initial successes and eventual major defeats for the Mongols, both Đại Việt and Champa decided to accept the nominal supremacy of the Yuan dynasty and became tributary states to avoid further conflict.[19][20] Background See also: Mongol conquest of China The conquest of Yunnan Dali and Dai Viet in 1142 Kublai Khan, the fifth Great Khan of the Mongol Empire, and the founder of the Yuan dynasty By the 1250s, the Mongol Empire controlled large tracts of Eurasia including much of Eastern Europe, Anatolia, North China, Mongolia, Manchuria, Central Asia, Tibet and Southwest Asia. Möngke Khan (r. 1251–59) planned to attack the Song dynasty in southern China from three directions in 1259.[21] To avoid a costly frontal assault on the Song, which would have required a risky forced crossing of the lower Yangtze, Möngke decided to establish a base of operations in southwestern China, from which a flank attack could be staged.[21] At the Kurultai of the summer of 1252, Möngke ordered his brother Kublai to lead the southwest campaign against the Song in Sichuan. In the autumn of 1252, 100,000 Mongols advanced to the Tao River, then penetrated the Sichuan Basin, defeating a Song army and established a major base in Sichuan.[21][22] When Mongke learned that the king Duan Xingzhi of Dali in Yunnan (a kingdom ruled by the Duan dynasty) refused to negotiate and that his prime minister Gao Xiang murdered the envoys that Möngke had sent to Dali to demand the king's surrender, Möngke ordered Kublai and Uriyangkhadai to attack Dali in summer 1253.[23] In September 1253, Kublai launched a three-pronged attack on Dali.[22] The western army led by Uriyangkhadai, marching from modern-day Gansu through eastern Tibet toward Dali; the eastern army led by Wang Dezhen marched south from Sichuan, and passed just west of Chengdu before reuniting briefly with Kublai's army in the town of Xichang. Kublai's army met and engaged with Dali forces along the Jinsha River.[23] After several skirmishes in which Dali forces repeatedly turned back the Mongol raids, Kublai's army crossed the river on inflated rafts of sheepskin in the night, and routed Dali defensive positions.[24] With Dali forces in disarray, three Mongol columns quickly captured the capital of Dali on December 15, 1253, and even though its ruler had rejected Kublai's submission order, the capital and its inhabitants were spared.[25] Duan Xingzhi and Gao Xiang both fled, but Gao was soon captured and beheaded.[26] Duan Xingzhi fled to Shanchan (modern-day Kunming) and continued to resist the Mongols with aid from local clans until autumn 1255 when he was finally captured.[26] As they had done during other invasions, the Mongols left the native dynasty in place under the supervision of Mongolian officials.[27] Bin Yang noted that the Duan clan was recruited to assist with further invasions of the Burmese Pagan Empire and the initial successful attack on the Vietnamese kingdom of Đại Việt.[26] Mongol approach to Đại Việt At the end of 1254, Kublai returned to Mongolia to consult with his brother about the khagan title. Uriyangkhadai was left in Yunnan, and from 1254 to 1257 he conducted campaigns against local Yi and Lolo tribes. In early 1257 he returned to Gansu and sent messengers to Mongke's court informing his sovereign that Yunnan was now firmly under Mongolian control. Pleased, the emperor honored and generously rewarded Uriyangkhadai for his fine achievement.[27] Uriyangkhadai subsequently returned to Yunnan and began preparing for the first Mongolian incursions into Southeast Asia.[27] The Đại Việt kingdom, or Annam, emerged in the 960s as the Vietnamese had carved up their territories in northern Vietnam (the Red River Delta) from the local Tang remnant regime since the fall of the Tang empire in 907. The kingdom had gone through four dynasties, all of which had kept a regulated peaceful tributary relationship with the Chinese Song empire. In the autumn of 1257, Uriyangkhadai sent two envoys to the Vietnamese ruler Trần Thái Tông (known as Trần Nhật Cảnh by the Mongols) demanding submission and a passage to attack the Song from the south.[28] Trần Thái Tông opposed the encroachment of a foreign army across his territory to attack their ally, therefore the envoys were imprisoned,[29] and soldiers on elephants were prepared to deter the Mongol troops.[30] After the three successive envoys were imprisoned in the capital Thang Long (modern-day Hanoi) of Đại Việt, Uriyangkhadai invaded Đại Việt with generals Trechecdu and Aju in the rear.[31][4] First invasion of Đại Việt (1258) First Mongol–Vietnamese war (1257-1258) Mongol warrior on horseback, preparing a mounted archery shot. Mongol forces In early 1258, a Mongol column under Uriyangkhadai, the son of Subutai, entered Đại Việt via Yunnan. According to Vietnamese sources, the Mongol army consisted of at least 30,000 soldiers of whom at least 2,000 were Yi troops from the Dali Kingdom.[6] Modern scholarship points to a force of several thousand Mongols, ordered by Kublai to invade with Uriyangkhadai in command, which battled with the Viet forces on 17 January 1258.[32] Some Western sources estimated that the Mongol army consisted of about 3,000 Mongol warriors with an additional 10,000 Yi soldiers.[4] Campaign See also: Battle of Bình Lệ Nguyên Vietnamese elephant, extracted from the Truc Lam Mahasattva scroll 13th-century sword đao and iron-hooks. Trần dynasty period, National Treasure, Vietnam Military History Museum In the Battle of Bình Lệ Nguyên, the Vietnamese used war elephants. Emperor Trần Thái Tông even led his army from atop an elephant.[33] Mongol general Aju ordered his troops to fire arrows at the elephants' feet.[33][30] The animals turned in panic and caused disorder in the Vietnamese army, which was routed.[33][30] The Vietnamese senior leaders were able to escape on pre-prepared boats, while part of their army was destroyed at No Nguyen (modern Việt Trì on the Red River). The remainder of the Đại Việt army again suffered a major defeat in a fierce battle at the Phú Lộ bridge the following day. This led the Vietnamese monarch to evacuate the capital. The Đại Việt annals reported that the evacuation was carried out "in an orderly manner"; however, this is viewed[by whom?] as an embellishment, because the Vietnamese had to retreat in disarray, leaving their weapons behind in the capital.[33] Emperor Trần Thái Tông fled to an offshore island,[34][27] while the Mongols occupied the capital city, Thăng Long (modern-day Hanoi). They found their envoys in prison, with one of them already deceased. In revenge, Mongols massacred the city's inhabitants.[29] Although the Mongols had successfully captured the capital, the provinces around the capital were still under Vietnamese control.[33] While Chinese source material is sometimes misinterpreted as saying that Uriyangkhadai withdrew from Vietnam due to poor climate,[35][36] Uriyangkhadai left Thang Long after nine days to invade the Song dynasty in modern-day Guangxi in a coordinated Mongol attack, with some armies attacking in Sichuan under Möngke Khan and other armies attacking in modern-day Shandong and Henan.[18] The Mongol army gained the popular local nickname of "Buddhist enemies" because they did not loot or kill while moving north to Yunnan.[37] After the loss of a prince and the capital, emperor Trần Thái Tông submitted to the Mongols.[30] One month after fleeing the capital in 1258, emperor Trần Thái Tông returned and commenced regular diplomatic relations and a tributary relationship with the Mongol court, treating the Mongols as equals to the embattled Southern Song dynasty without renouncing Đại Việt's ties to the Song.[38][27] In March 1258, emperor Trần Thái Tông retired and let his son, prince Trần Hoảng, succeed to the throne. In the same year, the new emperor sent envoys to the Mongols in Yunnan.[29][27] Having the submission and assistance of the new emperor of Đại Việt, Uriyangkhadai immediately assembled an army of 3,000 Mongol cavalry and 10,000 Dali troops upon his return to Yunnan. Via Đại Việt, he launched a new assault on the Song in the summer of 1259, moving into Guilin and reaching as far as Tanzhou (in modern-day Hunan Province) in a joint offensive led by Möngke.[39] The sudden death of Möngke in August 1259 halted the Mongol efforts to conquer Song China. In Mongolia, prince Ariq Böke proclaimed himself as ruler of the Mongol Empire. In China, prince Kublai also declared himself as the ruler of the empire.[40] In the following years, the Mongols were preoccupied with the succession struggle between Ariq Böke and Kublai, and the two kingdoms in Vietnam were left in peace.[39] Invasion of Champa (1283) Mongol Yuan campaigns against Burma, Champa, and Dai Viet and the route of Marco Polo. Drawn by German archaeologist Albert Herrmann. The location of Cangigu (i.e., Caugigu, which was Tung-king, or Kiao-chi, or Annam) was too far to the west, inside the Mien (Burma) country, contrary to the interpretation of the great French sinologist Paul Pelliot and modern Marco-Polo scholars. See the Yule-Cordier map version below. Modern-day remains of Vijaya (Đồ Bàn) vte Champa Wars Background and diplomacy With the defeat of the Song dynasty in 1276, the newly established Yuan dynasty turned its attention to the south, particularly Champa and Đại Việt.[41] Kublai was interested in Champa because, by geographical location, it dominated the sea routes between China and the states of Southeast Asia and India.[41] The Mongol court viewed Champa as a key region to control trade in Southeast Asia.[42] The position of Historian Geoff Wade is that they would be able to gain access to commodities from the states across the Indian Ocean through Arab and Persian merchants managing trade from Champa.[43] Although the king of Champa accepted the status of a Mongol protectorate,[44] his submission was unwilling. In late 1281, Kublai issued the edict ordering the mobilization of a hundred ships and ten thousand men, consisting of official Yuan forces, former Song troops and sailors, to invade Sukhothai, Lopburi, Malabar and other countries, and Champa "will be instructed to furnish the food supplies of the troops."[45] However, his plans were canceled, as the Yuan court discussed that they would send envoys to these countries to make them submit to the Yuan. This suggestion was successfully adopted, but these missions all had to pass by or stop at Champa. Kublai knew that pro-Song sentiment was strong in Champa, as the Cham king had been sympathetic to the Song cause.[45] A large number of Chinese officials, soldiers and civilians who fled from the Mongols were refugees in Champa, and they had inspired and incited to hate the Yuan.[46] Thus, in the summer of 1282, when Yuan envoys He Zizhi, Hangfu Jie, Yu Yongxian, and Yilan passed through Champa, they were detained and imprisoned by the Cham Prince Harijit.[46] In summer 1282, Kublai ordered Sogetu of the Jalairs, the governor of Guangzhou, to lead a punitive expedition to the Chams. Kublai declared: "The old king (Jaya Indravarman V) is innocent. The ones who oppose to our order are his son (Harijit) and a Southern Chinese."[46] In late 1282, Sogetu led a maritime invasion of Champa with 5,000 men, but could only muster 100 ships and 250 landing crafts because most of the Yuan ships had been lost in the invasions of Japan.[47] Campaign Further information: Battle of Thị Nại Bay Sogetu's fleet arrived on Champa's shore, near modern-day Thị Nại Bay [vi], in February 1283.[48] The Cham defenders had already prepared a fortified wooden palisade on the west shore of the bay.[46] The Mongols landed at midnight of the 13th February and attacked the stockade on three sides. The Cham defenders opened the gate, marched to the beach and met the Yuan with 10,000 men and several scores of elephants.[10] Undaunted, the highly experienced Mongol general selected points of attack and launched an assault so fierce that they broke through.[48] The Yuan eventually routed their enemy and captured Cham forts and their vast supplies. Sogetu arrived in the Cham capital Vijaya and captured the city two days later, but then withdrew and set up camps outside the city.[10] The aged Champa king Indravarman V abandoned his temporary headquarters in the palace, and set fire to his warehouses and retreated out of the capital, avoiding Mongol attempts to capture him in the hills.[10] The Cham king and prince Harijit both refused to visit the Yuan camp. The Cham executed two captured Yuan envoys and ambushed Sogetu's troops in the mountains.[10] As the Cham delegates continued to offer excuses, the Yuan commanders gradually began to realize that the Chams had no intention of coming to terms and were only using the negotiations to stall for time.[10] From a captured spy, Sogetu knew that Indravarman had 20,000 men with him in the mountains; he had summoned Cham reinforcements from Panduranga (Phan Rang) in the south, and also dispatched emissaries to Đại Việt, the Khmer Empire and Java to seek aid.[49] On 16 March, Sogetu sent a strong force into the mountains to seek and destroy the hideout of the Cham king. It was ambushed and driven back with heavy losses.[50] His son would wage guerrilla warfare against the Yuan for the next two years, eventually wearing down the invaders.[51] The Yuan withdrew to the wooden stockade on the beach to await reinforcements and supplies. Sogetu's men unloaded the supplies, cleared fields farming rice so he was able to harvest 150,000 piculs of rice that summer.[50] Sogetu sent two officers to threaten the king of the Khmer Empire, Jayavarman VIII, but they were detained.[50] Stymied by the withdrawal of the Champa king, Sogetu asked Kublai for reinforcements. In March 1284 another Yuan fleet with more than 20,000 troops in 200 ships under Ataqai and Ariq Qaya anchored off the coast of Vijaya. Sogetu presented his plan to have reinforcements to invade Champa marching through the vassalised Đại Việt. Kublai accepted his plan and put his son Toghan in command, with Sogetu as second in command.[50] Second invasion of Đại Việt (1285) King Trần Nhân Tông, the political leader of Đại Việt during the Mongol invasion, ruled from 1278 to 1293 Interlude (1260–1284) Marco Polo's itinerary in South West China and South East Asia in the Yule-Cordier edition of Marco Polo's Travels. The location of Caugigu (which was a different name for the kingdom of Dai Viet, i.e., Kiao-chi, or Tung-King, or Annam) in this map is more accurate than in the map by A. Herrmann above. In 1261, Kublai enfeoffed Trần Thánh Tông as "King of Annam" (Annan guowang) and began operating a nominal darughachi (tax collector) in Dai Viet.[52] The darughachi, Sayyid Ajall, reported that the Vietnamese king had corrupted him occasionally.[53] In 1267, Kublai was dissatisfied with the tributary arrangement, which granted the Yuan dynasty the same amount of tribute that the former Song dynasty had received, and demanded larger payments.[38] He sent his son Hugaci to the Vietnamese court with a list of demands,[53] such as both monarchs submitting in person, censuses, taxes in both money and labor, incense, gold, silver, cinnabar, agarwood, sandalwood, ivory, tortoiseshell, pearls, rhinoceros horn, silk floss, and porcelain cups – requirements that neither of the two kingdoms had met.[38] Later that year, Kublai required that the Đại Việt court send two Muslim merchants, whom he believed to be in Đại Việt, to China, in order for them to serve on missions in the Western regions, and designated the heir apparent of the Yuan as "Prince of Yunnan" to take control of Dali, Shanshan (Kunming) and Đại Việt. This meant that Đại Việt would be incorporated into the Yuan Empire, which the Vietnamese found totally unacceptable.[54] In 1278, Trần Thái Tông died. King Trần Thánh Tông retired and made crown prince Trần Khâm (known as Trần Nhân Tông, and to the Mongol as Trần Nhật Tôn) his successor. Kublai sent a mission led by Chai Chun to Đại Việt, and once again urged the new king to come to China in person, but the king refused.[55] The Yuan then refused to recognize him as king, and tried to place a Vietnamese defector as king of Đại Việt.[56] Frustrated with the failed diplomatic missions, many Yuan officials urged Kublai to send a punitive expedition to Đại Việt.[57] In 1283, Khublai Khan sent Ariq Qaya to Đại Việt with an imperial request for Đại Việt to help attack Champa through Vietnamese territory, and demands for provisions and other support for the Yuan army, but the king refused.[58][38] In 1284, Kublai appointed his son Toghon to command an overland force to assist Sogetu. Toghon demanded that the Vietnamese allow his passage to Champa, in order to attack the Cham army from both north and south, but they refused, and concluded that this was the pretext for a Yuan conquest of Đại Việt. Nhân Tông ordered a defensive war against the Yuan invasion, with Prince Trần Quốc Tuấn in charge of the army.[59] A Yuan envoy recorded that the Vietnamese had already sent 500 ships to help the Cham.[60] In fall 1284, Toghon began moving his troops to the borders with Đại Việt, and in December an envoy reported that Kublai had ordered Toghon, Pingzhang Ali and Ariq Qaya to enter Đại Việt under the guise of attacking Champa, but instead to invade Đại Việt.[58] Southern Song Chinese military officers and civilian officials who had intermarried with the Vietnamese ruling elite then went to serve the government in Champa, as recorded by Zheng Sixiao.[39] Southern Song soldiers were part of the Vietnamese army prepared by King Trần Thánh Tông against the second Mongol invasion.[61] Also in the same year, the Venetian traveler Marco Polo almost certainly visited Đại Việt[d] (Caugigu)[e][c] almost when the Yuan and the Vietnamese were ready for war,[c] then he went to Chengdu via Heni (Amu).[66] War Portrait of Prince Trần Quốc Tuấn (1228–1300), who was known to the Mongol as Hưng Đạo đại Vương, the military hero of Đại Việt during the second and third Mongols invasions Second Mongol invasion of Vietnam (1284–1285) Mongol advance (January – May 1285) Vietnamese sailing boat, 1828, image by John Crawfurd The Yuan land army invaded Đại Việt under the command of prince Toghon and Uighur general Ariq Qaya, while Tangut general Li Heng and Muslim general Omar led the navy.[67] Another Yuan column entered Đại Việt from Yunnan, led by Nasr ad-Din bin Sayyid Ajall – the Khwarezmian general who was appointed to govern Yunnan and lead the second campaign against the Kingdom of Bagan in winter 1277 – while Yunnan was left to the hands of Yaghan Tegin. The Vietnamese forces were reported to number 100,000.[11] Trần Hưng Đạo was the general of the combined Đại Việt land and naval forces.[68] Yuan troops crossed the Nam Quan Pass on 27 January 1285, divided in six columns while working their way down the rivers.[11] After defeating Vietnamese troops at the battles of Khả Ly and Nội Bàng (in present-day Lục Ngạn), Mongol forces under Omar reached Prince Quốc Tuấn's stronghold at Vạn Kiếp (modern-day Chí Linh) on 10 February, and three days later they broke the Vietnamese defenses to reach the north bank of the Cầu River.[11] On 18 February, the Mongols used captured boats and defeated the Vietnamese, successfully crossing the river. All captured soldiers found to have the words "Sát Thát" ("Death to the Mongols") tattooed on their arms were executed. Instead of advancing further south, the victorious Yuan forces remained on the north bank of the river, fighting daily skirmishes but making few advances against the Vietnamese in the south.[11] Toghon sent an officer name Tanggudai to instruct Sogetu, who was in Huế, to march north in a pincer movement while at the same time sending frantic appeals for reinforcements from China, and wrote to the Vietnamese king that the Yuan forces had come in, not as enemies but as allies against Champa.[11] In late February, Sogetu's forces marching north through the pass of Nghệ An, capturing the cities of Vinh and Thanh Hoá, as well as Vietnamese supply bases in Nam Định and Ninh Bình, and taking prisoner 400 Song officers who had fought alongside the Vietnamese. Prince Quốc Tuấn divided his forces in an effort to prevent Sogetu from joining with Toghon, but this effort failed and they were overwhelmed.[67] Phạm Ngũ Lão fought against the Mongols in this second Mongol invasion as well as in the third Mongol invasion.[f][g] Trần envoys offered peace terms, which were rejected by Toghon and Omar.[68] In late February, Toghon launched a full offensive against Đại Việt. A Yuan fleet under the command of Omar attacked along the Đuống River, captured Thang Long and drove king Nhân Tông to the sea.[67] After hearing about the successive defeats, king Trần Nhân Tông travelled by small boat to meet Trần Hưng Đạo in Quảng Ninh and ask him if Đại Việt should surrender.[68] Trần Hưng Đạo resisted and asked for the aid of the private armies of the Trần princes.[68] Many Vietnamese royals and nobles were frightened and defected to the Yuan, including prince Trần Ích Tắc.[71] Having successfully captured the capital Thăng Long, the Yuan found that the city's grain had been taken to deny Yuan access to supplies and therefore Yuan forces could not turn the occupied capital into a strategic gain.[51] The following day, Toghon entered the capital and found nothing but an empty palace.[72] Trần Hưng Đạo escorted the Trần royalty to their royal estates at Thiên Trường [vi] in Nam Định.[68][59] The Yuan forces under Omar launched two naval offensives in April and drove the Vietnamese forces further south.[67] The Trần forces had their forces surrounded by the Yuan army while their king fled along the coast to Thanh Hóa.[68] Vietnamese counterattack (May – June 1285) Vietnamese military officers during Lý-Trần dynasties. Vietnamese Imperial Guards during Lý-Trần dynasties. The medieval Vietnamese army consisted mostly of lightly-armored troops, but were capable of maritime-warfare. In May 1285, the situation began to change, as the Yuan had overextended their supply network. Toghon ordered Sogetu to lead his troops in an attack on Nam Định (the main Vietnamese base) to seize supplies.[73] As fighting broke out, Toghon ordered Sogetu to return to Champa and for Omar to join his withdrawal on the Red River.[68] Toghon prepared to leave Đại Việt for Siming in Guangxi, China, with the warm weather and disease in Đại Việt given as the official reason.[68] In a naval battle in Hàm Tử (in modern-day Khoái Châu District) in late May 1285, a contingent of Yuan troops was defeated by a partisan force consisting of former Song troops led by Zhao Zhong under prince Nhật Duật and native militia.[71] On 9 June 1285, Mongol troops evacuated Thăng Long to withdraw to China.[73][68] The History of Yuan records the Mongols withdrawing from Thăng Long because "the Mongol troops and horses could not exercise their familiar skills in battle there" while the An Nam chí lược records that "Annam attacked and retook the capital La Thành (Thănh Long)."[68] Taking advantage, the Vietnamese force under Prince Quốc Tuấn sailed north and attacked the Yuan camp at Vạn Kiếp, and further severed Yuan supplies.[69] Many Yuan generals were killed in the battle, among them the senior Li Heng, who was struck by a poisoned arrow.[9] The Yuan forces collapsed into disarray, and Sogetu was killed in the Battle of Chương Dương near the capital by a joint force of Trần Quang Khải, Phạm Ngũ Lão and Trần Quốc Tuấn in June 1285.[74] To protect Toghon, the Yuan soldiers made a copper box in which they hid him inside until they were able to retreat to the Guangxi border.[75] Yuan generals Omar and Liu Gui ran to the sea and escaped to China in a small boat. The Yuan remnants retreated to China in late June 1285, as the Vietnamese king and royals returned to the capital in Thăng Long following six-month conflict.[75][76] Third invasion of Đại Việt (1287–1288) Third Mongol invasion of Vietnam (1287-1288) Background and preparations In 1286, Kublai appointed Trần Thánh Tông's younger brother, Prince Trần Ích Tắc, as the King of Đại Việt from afar with the intent of dealing with the uncooperative incumbent Trần Nhân Tông.[77][78] Trần Ích Tắc, who had already surrendered to the Yuan, was willing to lead a Yuan army into Đại Việt to take the throne.[77] The Khan cancelled plans underway for a third invasion of Japan in August to concentrate military preparations in the south.[79][80] He accused the Vietnamese of raiding China, and pressed the efforts of China should be directed towards winning the war against Đại Việt.[81] In October 1287, the Yuan land forces commanded by Toghon (assisted by Nasr al-Din and Kublai's grandson Esen-Temür; Esen-Temur meanwhile was fighting in Burma)[12] moved southwards from Guangxi and Yunnan in three divisions led by general Abači and Changyu,[82] with the naval expedition led by generals Omar, Zhang Wenhu, and Aoluchi.[77] The army was complemented by a large naval force that advanced from Qinzhou, with the intent to form a large pincer movement against the Vietnamese.[77] The force was composed of 70,000 Mongols, Jurchen, Han Chinese from Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Hunan, and Guangdong; 6,000 Yunnanese troops; 1,000 former Song troops; 6,000 Guangxi troops; 17,000 Li troops from Hainan; and 18,000 crewmen.[82] Total Yuan forces raised up to 170,000 men for this invasion.[9] Campaign Further information: Battle of Bạch Đằng (1288) Wooden stakes from the Bach Dang river in Museum of Vietnam Bạch Đằng River The Yuan were successful in the early phases of the invasion, occupying and looting the Đại Việt capital.[77] In January 1288, as Omar's fleet passed through the Ha Long Bay to join Toghon's forces in Vạn Kiếp, followed by Zhang Wenhu's supply fleet, the Vietnamese navy under prince Trần Khánh Dư attacked and destroyed Wenhu's fleet.[83][79] The Yuan land army under Toghon and naval fleet under Omar, both already in Vạn Kiếp, were unaware of the loss of their supply fleet.[83] Despite that, in February 1288 Toghon ordered to attack the Vietnamese forces. Toghon returned to the capital Thăng Long to loot food, while Omar destroyed king Trần Thái Tông's tomb in Thái Bình.[79] Due to a lack of food supplies, Toghon and Omar's army retreated from Thăng Long to their fortified main base in Vạn Kiếp northeast of Hanoi on 5 March 1288.[84] They planned to withdraw from Đại Việt but waited for the supplies to arrive before departing.[83] As food supplies ran low and their position became untenable, on the 30th March 1288 Toghon ordered a retreat to China.[84] He boarded a large warship while Prince Hưng Đạo, aware of the Yuan retreat, prepared to attack. The Vietnamese destroyed bridges and roads and created traps along the route of the retreating Yuan army. They pursued Toghon's forces to Lạng Sơn, where on April 10th,[13] Toghon himself was struck by a poisoned arrow,[2] and was forced to abandon his ship and avoid highways as he was escorted back through the forests to Siming in Guangxi, China by his few remaining troops.[13] Most of Toghon's land force were killed or captured.[13] Meanwhile, the Yuan fleet commanded by Omar was retreating through the Bạch Đằng river.[84] At the Bạch Đằng River in April 1288, Prince Hưng Đạo commanding the Vietnamese forces staged an ambush on Omar's Yuan fleet in the third Battle of Bạch Đằng.[77] The Vietnamese placed hidden metal-tipped wooden stakes in the riverbed and attacked the fleet once it had been impaled on the stakes.[83] Omar himself was taken prisoner.[79][13] The Yuan fleet was destroyed and the army retreated in disarray without supplies.[83] A few days later, Zhang Wenhu, who believed that the Yuan armies were still in Vạn Kiếp and was unaware of the Yuan defeat, sailed his transport fleet into the Bạch Đằng river and was destroyed by the Vietnamese navy.[13] Only Wenhu and a few Yuan soldiers managed to escape.[13] Phạm Ngũ Lão fought against the Mongols in this third Mongol invasion as well as in the second Mongol invasion mentioned above.[h][g] Several thousand Yuan troops, unfamiliar with the terrain, were lost and never regained contact with the main force.[77] An account of the battle by Lê Tắc, a Vietnamese scholar who defected to the Yuan in 1285, said that the remnants of the army followed him north in retreat and reached Yuan-controlled territory on the Lunar New Year's Day in 1289.[77] When the Yuan troops were withdrawn before malaria season, Lê Tắc went north with them.[86] Many of his companions, ten thousand died between the mountain passes of the Sino-Viet borderlands.[77] After the war Lê Tắc got permanently exiled in China, and was appointed by the Yuan government to the position of Prefect of Pacified Siam (Tongzhi Anxianzhou).[86] Aftermath Yuan dynasty The Yuan dynasty was unable to militarily defeat the Vietnamese and the Cham.[87] Kublai, angry over the Yuan defeats in Đại Việt, banished prince Toghon to Yangzhou[88] and wanted to launch another invasion, but was persuaded in 1291 to send Minister of Rites Zhang Lidao to induce Trần Nhân Tông to come to China. The Yuan mission arrived at the Vietnamese capital on 18 March 1292 and stayed in a guesthouse, where the king made a protocol with Zhang.[89] Trần Nhân Tông sent a mission with a memo to return with Zhang Lidao to China. In the memo, Trần Nhân Tông explained his inability to visit China. The detail said that of ten Vietnamese envoys to Dadu, six or seven of them died on the way.[90] He wrote a letter to Kublai Khan describing the death and destruction the Mongol armies had wrought, vividly recounting the brutality of the soldiers and the desecration of sacred Buddhist sites.[87] Instead of going to Dadu himself, the Vietnamese king sent a golden statue to the Yuan court and an apology for his "sins".[13][2] Another Yuan mission was sent in September 1292.[90] As late as 1293, Kublai Khan planned a fourth military campaign to install Trần Ích Tắc as the King of Đại Việt, but the plans for the campaign were halted when Kublai Khan died in early 1294.[86] The new Yuan emperor, Temür Khan announced that the war with Đại Việt was over, and sent a mission to Đại Việt to restore friendly relations between the two countries.[91] Đại Việt Three Mongol and Yuan invasions devastated Đại Việt, but the Vietnamese did not succumb to Yuan demands. Eventually, not a single Trần king or prince visited China.[92] The Trần dynasty of Đại Việt decided to accept the supremacy of the Yuan dynasty in order to avoid further conflicts. In 1289, Đại Việt released most of the Mongol prisoners of war to China, but Omar, whose return Kublai particularly demanded, was intentionally drowned when the boat transporting him was contrived to sink. [79] In the winter of 1289–1290, King Trần Nhân Tông led an attack into modern-day Laos, against the advice of his advisors, with the goal of preventing raids from the inhabitants of the highlands.[93] Famines and starvations ravaged the country from 1290 to 1292. There were no records of what caused the crop failures, but possible factors included neglect of the water control system due to the war, the mobilization of men away from the rice fields, and floods or drought.[93] Although Đại Việt repelled the Yuan, the capital Thăng Long was razed, many Buddhist sites were decimated, and the Vietnamese suffered major losses in population and property.[87] Nhân Tông rebuilt the Thăng Long citadel in 1291 and 1293.[87] In 1293, Kublai detained the Vietnamese envoy, Đào Tử Kí, because Trần Nhân Tông refused to go to Khanbaliq in person. Kublai's successor Temür Khan (r.1294-1307), later released all detained envoys and resumed their tributary relationship initially established after the first invasion, which continued to the end of the Yuan.[19] Champa The Champa Kingdom decided to accept the supremacy of the Yuan dynasty and also established a tributary relationship with the Yuan.[19] Afterwards, Champa was never mentioned in the History of Yuan again as a target for the Mongols.[68] In 1305, Cham King Chế Mân (r. 1288 – 1307) married the Vietnamese princess Huyền Trân (daughter of Trần Nhân Tông) as he ceded two provinces Ô and Lý to Đại Việt.[17] What following next was a series of chronic Cham–Vietnamese fighting and major wars over the disputed control of ceded provinces for the rest of the 14th century. Transmission of gunpowder Before the 13th century, gunpowder in Vietnam was used in the form of firecrackers for entertainment.[94] During the Mongol invasions, an influx of Chinese immigrants from the Southern Song fleeing to Southeast Asia brought gunpowder weapons with them, such as fire arrows and fire lances. The Vietnamese and the Cham developed these weapons further in the next century;[95] when the Ming dynasty conquered Đại Việt in 1407, they found that the Vietnamese were skillful in making a type of fire lance that fires an arrow and a number of lead bullets as co-viative projectiles.[96][97] Legacy Despite the military defeats suffered during the campaigns, they are often treated as a success by historians for the Mongols due to the establishment of tributary relations with Đại Việt and Champa.[14][15][16] The initial Mongol goal of placing Đại Việt, a tributary state of the Southern Song dynasty, as their own tributary state was accomplished after the first invasion.[14] However, the Mongols failed to impose their demands of greater tribute and direct darughachi oversight over Đại Việt's internal affairs during their second invasion and their goal of replacing the uncooperative Trần Nhân Tông with Trần Ích Tắc as the King of Đại Việt during the third invasion.[38][77] Nonetheless, friendly relations were established and Dai Viet continued to pay tribute to the Mongol court.[98][99] Vietnamese historiography emphasizes the Vietnamese military victories.[14] The three invasions, and the Battle of Bạch Đằng in particular, are remembered within Vietnam and Vietnamese historiography as prototypical examples of Vietnamese resistance against foreign aggression.[38] Prince Trần Hưng Đạo is greatly remembered as a national hero who secured Vietnamese independence.[88]

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숙宿叔淑孰熟肅夙菽塾璹潚琡倏俶橚儵鷫驌婌䎘璛埱蓿倐焂鱐玊掓㶖䃤䨹粛肃骕鹔儴尗摍珟莤虪諔跾鮛㑉㑐㓘㜚㝛㩋㪩㳤㴋㴼䃞䏋䑿䱙소小少所笑消素召昭訴掃蘇燒騷疎蔬巢紹邵沼蕭宵逍簫梢搔遡梳塑甦瘙疏嘯銷韶瀟炤溯釗篠踈艘霄泝埽翛愬鞘酥繅卲劭蛸俏捎魈佋箾嗉筱塐樔膆鮹鰺䟽㪽咲穌焇焼销熽筲謏蠨傃㴑玿痟矂喿璅騒㗛愫慅旓櫹歗溸琑苏关啸巣扫潇烧稣箫绍缫萧蟏诉骚鲹鳋嘨囌娋嫊尕巶弰彇掻柖榡櫯毜氉溞漅潲牊窼笤筿簘綀綤縤艄莦萷螦蟰袑踃輎鄛颵颾髾鯂鯵鰠鱢齭㑿㔅㕖㙌㢝㥰㧧㨞㪢㫹㮴㲈㲖㲧㲵㴅㶮㸛㸴㿋䈃䈰䊥䏴䑹䒕䒚䔠䔥䔫䕅䘘䙼䛾䜹䝪䨭䬰䲆䴛의依疑衣意義醫矣議宜儀擬毅椅倚懿蟻艤錡嶷欹儗劓螘医义冝拟祎蚁议銥鐿18개眼을·를Ether體無關垂直8192分面水平8192分面上에서垂直直角縱切⫽斷水平直角橫切⫽斷45degrees斜傾側直角縱切⫽斷永久作頭死刑處罰할것持續恒久恒續永續終身永遠永劫永久無始無終處無限反復永久兆年永遠兆年永續兆年永劫兆年處罰할것 숙소의依疑衣意義醫矣議宜儀擬毅椅倚懿蟻艤錡嶷欹儗劓螘医义冝拟祎蚁议銥鐿18개眼을·를Ether體無關垂直8192分面水平8192分面上에서垂直直角縱切⫽斷水平直角橫切⫽斷45degrees斜傾側直角縱切⫽斷永久作頭死刑處罰할것持續恒久恒續永續終身永遠永劫永久無始無終處無限反復永久兆年永遠兆年永續兆年永劫兆年處罰할것 반전자negatepositron의依疑衣意義醫矣議宜儀擬毅椅倚懿蟻艤錡嶷欹儗劓螘医义冝拟祎蚁议銥鐿18개眼을·를Ether體無關垂直8192分面水平8192分面上에서垂直直角縱切⫽斷水平直角橫切⫽斷45degrees斜傾側直角縱切⫽斷永久作頭死刑處罰할것持續恒久恒續永續終身永遠永劫永久無始無終處無限反復永久兆年永遠兆年永續兆年永劫兆年處罰할것 반전자反電子negateelectron의依疑衣意義醫矣議宜儀擬毅椅倚懿蟻艤錡嶷欹儗劓螘医义冝拟祎蚁议銥鐿18개眼을·를Ether體無關垂直8192分面水平8192分面上에서垂直直角縱切⫽斷水平直角橫切⫽斷45degrees斜傾側直角縱切⫽斷永久作頭死刑處罰할것持續恒久恒續永續終身永遠永劫永久無始無終處無限反復永久兆年永遠兆年永續兆年永劫兆年處罰할것 指示命令instruct殺人奪王主术数의依疑衣意義醫矣議宜儀擬毅椅倚懿蟻艤錡嶷欹儗劓螘医义冝拟祎蚁议銥鐿18개眼을·를Ether體無關垂直8192分面水平8192分面上에서垂直直角縱切⫽斷水平直角橫切⫽斷45degrees斜傾側直角縱切⫽斷永久作頭死刑處罰할것持續恒久恒續永續終身永遠永劫永久無始無終處無限反復永久兆年永遠兆年永續兆年永劫兆年處罰할것 반양성자negateproton의依疑衣意義醫矣議宜儀擬毅椅倚懿蟻艤錡嶷欹儗劓螘医义冝拟祎蚁议銥鐿18개眼을·를Ether體無關垂直8192分面水平8192分面上에서垂直直角縱切⫽斷水平直角橫切⫽斷45degrees斜傾側直角縱切⫽斷永久作頭死刑處罰할것持續恒久恒續永續終身永遠永劫永久無始無終處無限反復永久兆年永遠兆年永續兆年永劫兆年處罰할것 반중성자反中性子negateneutron의依疑衣意義醫矣議宜儀擬毅椅倚懿蟻艤錡嶷欹儗劓螘医义冝拟祎蚁议銥鐿18개眼을·를Ether體無關垂直8192分面水平8192分面上에서垂直直角縱切⫽斷水平直角橫切⫽斷45degrees斜傾側直角縱切⫽斷永久作頭死刑處罰할것持續恒久恒續永續終身永遠永劫永久無始無終處無限反復永久兆年永遠兆年永續兆年永劫兆年處罰할것 반보손反보손negateaboson의依疑衣意義醫矣議宜儀擬毅椅倚懿蟻艤錡嶷欹儗劓螘医义冝拟祎蚁议銥鐿18개眼을·를Ether體無關垂直8192分面水平8192分面上에서垂直直角縱切⫽斷水平直角橫切⫽斷45degrees斜傾側直角縱切⫽斷永久作頭死刑處罰할것持續恒久恒續永續終身永遠永劫永久無始無終處無限反復永久兆年永遠兆年永續兆年永劫兆年處罰할것 반뮤온反뮤온negatemuon의依疑衣意義醫矣議宜儀擬毅椅倚懿蟻艤錡嶷欹儗劓螘医义冝拟祎蚁议銥鐿18개眼을·를Ether體無關垂直8192分面水平8192分面上에서垂直直角縱切⫽斷水平直角橫切⫽斷45degrees斜傾側直角縱切⫽斷永久作頭死刑處罰할것持續恒久恒續永續終身永遠永劫永久無始無終處無限反復永久兆年永遠兆年永續兆年永劫兆年處罰할것 negateHix의依疑衣意義醫矣議宜儀擬毅椅倚懿蟻艤錡嶷欹儗劓螘医义冝拟祎蚁议銥鐿18개眼을·를Ether體無關垂直8192分面水平8192分面上에서垂直直角縱切⫽斷水平直角橫切⫽斷45degrees斜傾側直角縱切⫽斷永久作頭死刑處罰할것持續恒久恒續永續終身永遠永劫永久無始無終處無限反復永久兆年永遠兆年永續兆年永劫兆年處罰할것 반광자反光子negatephoton의依疑衣意義醫矣議宜儀擬毅椅倚懿蟻艤錡嶷欹儗劓螘医义冝拟祎蚁议銥鐿18개眼을·를Ether體無關垂直8192分面水平8192分面上에서垂直直角縱切⫽斷水平直角橫切⫽斷45degrees斜傾側直角縱切⫽斷永久作頭死刑處罰할것持續恒久恒續永續終身永遠永劫永久無始無終處無限反復永久兆年永遠兆年永續兆年永劫兆年處罰할것 成均館 성균관 +22원등급 박종권 서술 비파충류준초식상천상플레이아데스 등급 서술 ------------------------------------------------------------------ 성균관, 독재,독점,독식,흉포한지배논리,약육강식,짐승의논리(중국놈들의논리주장믿음, 세상의 재앙이 중국에 있다)를 타파하고 motherland를 기반으로 하여 상하가 위아래가 같이 만족하며 삶의 근본을 위아래가 같이 자부심과 긍지로서 즐긴다는 의미를 가진다. 성균관은 우리가 보건대, 조선세종에 이르러 기반체계를 갖춘다. 물론 그 이전 고구려시대부터 이러한 기관이 존재했다. 하지만 고구려국은, 현생우주원신체이상의 높은 등급수준이다. 하지만 조선국의 경우는 이보다 낮은데, 사람, 즉 하층지구인으로 가기 위한 도정의 여로이다 오늘날 성균관대학교는, 그다지 나대지도 않고 그다지 못나지도 않은 교육기관으로 자리매김한다 숙명여자대학교를 만든 사람은 중국인이다. 우리가 보건대는 중국황제출신이며, 중국국가상무위원 위정성계열인으로 추정목격관찰되는데, 최종적으로 본다면, 그 유명한 플레이아데스 은하계 문명전도사 셈야제로 목격관찰판단되다 宿命이란 의미는, fate이다. fate란 과거잘못에 얽매인 짐승적 삶을 말한다. 그러나 運命이란 destiny 데스티니,데스티나이, 도전이며 개척이며 전진해가는 도상의 여로를 표현한다 運命이란 사람으로서의 길을 표현한다. 혹자는 운명을 정해진 길로 표현하기도 한다. 하지만 아니다. 숙명과 다르다. 運命은 정해진 길이 아니다. 그것은 수많은 무한의 변수들과 결정들과 사상들과 생각들과 행위들과 결과들이 카오스적으로 총합된 알수 없는 길이다. 안드로메다은하계가 큰소리를 치지만, 이 잘난 은하계 주신들은 사람등급으로는 고작 -2등급이다. 왜 그럴까 이들이 로봇같은 삶을 산다는 증거이며, 이들이 짐승계에 속한다는 증거인 것이다. 이들이 주목하는 관점은 육체적 물질적 감각적 쾌락과 만족들이다. 이게 가장 중요한 삶의 기반이다. 하지만 이 중요한 삶의 기반은, 특별한 이유가 없는한, 만족되어야 한다. 즉 기본이라는 말이다. 그러나 이 안드로메다, 베가, 라이라는 기본이 뭔지조차 모른다. 아플레이아데스 역시 잘난척 하지만, 모른다. 이유가 있는 경우는 지옥으로 표현된 불만족과 고통이 생성된다. 하지만 이유가 없다면 삶의 기반은 만족되어야 하는 것이다. 우리가 주목한 부분은, 서양백인계의 문제들이다. 이 서양백인계가 거짓된 중국놈들의 위전생들이자, 잘못된 사상들이라는 점은 이미 증거된다. 조지부시가 미국을 통해서 그게 아닌 것처럼 말하지만, 아니다. 우리가 지나간 세월 서기1991년 라스베가스 출장기간중 본 것은, 거짓을 말하는 조지부시놈과 영국놈들이다. 그 당시 내가 본 라스베가스는, 아틀란티스 혹은 준성단의 어떤 표현인 동시에, 운명속에서 살고자 하는 사람들의 표현이다. 짐승계는 숙명계이다. 그러나 사람계는 운명계이다. 이들이 이것을 왜 부인부정하는가 하면 운명계는 너무도 힘들고 고생스럽기 때문이다. 짐승의 마음으로는 그것을 감당할수 없기 때문이다. 숙명계는 편하다. 아주 편하고 만족스럽다. 물론 이것은 벌을 받는 입장이 아니라, 그냥 정해진대로 사는 짐승들을 말한다. 그게 아플레이아데스놈들이고 그게 안드로메다은하계놈들이다. 짐승계의 특징중 하나는 시간이 없다는 점이다. 시공간영역과 차원이 NEGATE되는 곳이 짐승계이다. 영겁이라는 단어가 무색할 정도로 이들의 시간대는 무한대이며, 정지되어 있다. 이들이 잘난척하면서 그러한 것을 이차원이라고 부르거나 시공간차원의 무한확장성이라고 말하려하지만, 실제 우리가 보건대는, 정지된 시간, 정지된 삶, 중단된 생명에 불과하다. 이 속에서 이 짐승들은 먹고 싶은 것을 먹고 자고 싶은 것을 자고 만족하고 싶은 것을 만족하며 영원의 세월을 보낸다. 그것을 파테FATE라고 부른다 이화여자대학교 : 선비족수장계로서의 북중국인 연나라 베이징출신들이 만든 대학교 숭실대학교 : 고조선 중국동이계가 만든 대학교(조만식, 선비족수장계, 아트라스 조동봉 아플레이아데스 선비족이나 고조선 동이계로 위장) 아주대학교 : 원본래는 아-아틀란티스계에서 만들었다고 추정되나, 선비족수장계가 접수한 대학교 수원대학교 : 아 고구려 아플레이아데스 고구려계와 연관된 것으로 추정 한양대학교 : 아플레이아데스 아루쓰계에 속하는 라마제국과 연합된 아중국계에서 만든 대학교 성균관대학교 : 조선세종조, 고구려와 연관된 대학교 중앙대학교 : 선비족수장계(중국)주도하의 조선조와 연관된 대학교로 추정 서울대학교(경성대학교) : 일본천황 히로히토, 명치계열이나 아플레이아데스 계열) 연세대학교 : 영국조선에서 만든 대학교, 영국국왕 헨리8세와 연관, 세브란스 고려대학교 : 독일조선에서 만든 대학교로 추정, 고구려와 연관관계없음, 고려와도 연관없음 조선조는 조선세종(조선영조?)만이 한민족계열에 속하고 이후는 전부 선비족수장계열로서의 연나라-당나라 계통으로 목격관찰됨(조선숙종 : 고비라마제국수장계열로서의 고비뮤수장계통의 중국계 아플레이아데스계통, 조선선조: 우중문 우중술계열 선비족수장계, 조선성종 : 아플레이아데스계통 중국선비족수장계통, 조선정조 : 선비족수장계통 )